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Potential of rDNA Technology in Revolutionizing Future

This document discusses the potential of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to revolutionize the future. It provides an overview of DNA and rDNA technology, including gene cloning and applications such as producing insulin to treat diabetes. The document also discusses gene therapy and using vectors to treat diseases like cystic fibrosis, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Recent advances discussed include using retroviruses to treat cancer and blindness.

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Nusra Faiz
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105 views23 pages

Potential of rDNA Technology in Revolutionizing Future

This document discusses the potential of recombinant DNA (rDNA) technology to revolutionize the future. It provides an overview of DNA and rDNA technology, including gene cloning and applications such as producing insulin to treat diabetes. The document also discusses gene therapy and using vectors to treat diseases like cystic fibrosis, severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID), and Lesch-Nyhan syndrome. Recent advances discussed include using retroviruses to treat cancer and blindness.

Uploaded by

Nusra Faiz
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Potential of rDNA technology in

Revolutionizing future

Submitted to: Submitted by:


Ms. Romica Badhan Aminath Nusra Faiz
Assistant professor B.Sc. Biotech ( II )
Department of Biotechnology 1730494

1
Contents

• About DNA and RDNA technology


• Gene cloning
• Application of rDNA technology
• Gene therapy
• Vectors
• Diseases
• Recent advances
• Reference

2
What is DNA?

• DNA= Deoxyribonucelic Acid


• Made up of nucleotides
• The bases found in DNA are adenine, cytosine,
guanine, and thymine

3
What is rDNA technology?

• DNA from different species can be isolated, cut and spliced


together.
• Forms "recombinant " molecules
• Multiplied in quantity in populations of rapidly dividing cells
(e.g. bacteria, yeast)

4
5
RDNA and Gene cloning

• Desired gene is isolated, inserted into a vector, to


produce rDNA molecule.
• Transformation
• Multiplication
• Further vector replication
• Separated

6
Applications of rDNA technology

• Insulin
• Hormone made up of protein
• Secreted in the pancreas by some cells called as islet cells
• Diabetes
• Human insulin by using the bacteria as a host cell

7
8
• Vaccines: Herpes, Influenza, Hepatitis and Foot and Mouth Diseases
• Human Growth Hormones: Dwarfism
• Infectious Diseases: TB and cancer.
• Production of novel plants: Agricultural plants which are high yielding and pest
resistant
• Artificial restriction enzymes: Zinc finger nucleases
• Production of vectors: BAC, YAC
• Recombinant antibodies: trastuzumab
• Interferons: HuIFNα

9
10
Gene therapy?

• Replacing mutant gene with normal gene


• Inactivating or knocking out a defective gene
• Introducing a new gene to help fight disease

11
Vectors

Non Viral Viral

• Retro virus • Liposomes


• Adeno virus • Naked DNA
• Adeno associated virus .
• Herpes simplex virus .

12
Cystic fibrosis

• Fatal genetic disease


• Accumulation of mucous in respiratory tract and lungs.
• CFTR (Cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator) protein is not produced due to
gene defect.
• The chloride ion concentrate within the cell which draw water from surrounding.
• Respiratory tract and lungs becomes dehydrated with sticky mucous

13
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SCID

16
Lesch nyhan syndrome

• patients are unable to manufacture a particular


enzyme. HGPRT
• X linked disorder
• This leads to a bizarre impulse for self- mutilation,
including very severe biting of the lips and fingers.

17
18
Hemophilia

• Genetic disease due to lack of a gene that encodes for clotting factor IX.
• Excessive bleeding.
• By using a retroviral system ,genes for the synthesis of factor IX were inserted into
the liver cells

19
LCA

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Recent Advances

• Torpedo cancer treatment. Treatment of cancer in mice tested at the school of


pharmacy in London
• Results of worlds first treatment for blindness shows a slight improvement
• re-programme scar-forming cells into heart muscle cells- Gladstone Institute of
Cardiovascular Disease in • California
• Toca 511 is a retrovirus used to kill cancer cells in brain

22
Reference

• Kumar, D, (2018), Assignment on Recombinant DNA Technology and Gene


Therapy, Available from:
https://www.slideshare.net/DeepakKumar2053/assignment-on-recombinant-dna-
technology-and-gene-therapy?from_action=save Accesssed date 14th March 2019
• Includes picture reference too

23

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