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Organelles Structure Function

This document summarizes the structure and function of various cell organelles. It describes the phospholipid bilayer structure and role in transport of the cell membrane. It notes that the nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell, the nucleolus makes ribosomes, and ribosomes link amino acids to make proteins. Other organelles described include the endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuoles, plastids, mitochondria, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, centrosomes, flagella, and cilia.

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66 views24 pages

Organelles Structure Function

This document summarizes the structure and function of various cell organelles. It describes the phospholipid bilayer structure and role in transport of the cell membrane. It notes that the nucleus contains DNA and controls the cell, the nucleolus makes ribosomes, and ribosomes link amino acids to make proteins. Other organelles described include the endoplasmic reticulum, vesicles, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, peroxisomes, vacuoles, plastids, mitochondria, cytoplasm, cytoskeleton, centrosomes, flagella, and cilia.

Uploaded by

erikabeltran
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Organelles: Structure & Function

Organelles: Structure & Function


Cell/Plasma Membrane
Function: Controls what enters & exits the
cell.

Structure: Phospholipid bilayer


Nucleus
Function: Controls everything in the cell

Structure: Contains DNA/chromosomes


Enclosed by a porous double membrane called
the nuclear membrane.
Nucleolus
Function: Takes RNA and makes ribosomes

Structure: Dense region inside the nucleus


Ribosomes
Function: Links together amino acids to make
proteins (that means enzymes too!)

Structure: Tiny organelles made of proteins &


RNA. Found on Rough ER
Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)

Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“.


Site of protein synthesis; makes more ER
Structure: Thin folded membranes that are
connected together.
HAS ribosomes
Vesicle
Membrane-bound containers that carry
substances throughout the cell
Golgi
Apparatus/Body/Complex
Function: Checks, modifies & packages proteins

Structure: Closely layered stacks of membrane


enclosed discs
Lysosome

Function: Breaks down food, waste &


damaged cell parts all within the cell

Structure: Contains enzymes; membrane bound


Peroxisome
Function: Protects cell from toxins, especially
H2O2.

Structure: Contains enzymes; membrane bound


Vacuole
Function: stores materials for cell

Structure: fluid filled sacs; small in animal


cells; large in plant cells
Plastids
Function: Storage sacs in plant cells only!

Structure: 3 different types


Plastids
1.Leucoplast – stores starch in roots & stems
2.Chromoplast – stores the orange/yellow pigment
3.Chloroplast- stores the green pigment/ site of
photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Function: Uses sunlight to create food,
photosynthesis (only found in green plants & algae)

Structure: 3 membranes; bean shaped; contains


chlorophyll (green pigment)
Mitochondria
Function: Supplies energy to the cell; site of
cellular respiration; ‘powerhouse’ of cell

Structure: Bean shaped; 2 membranes; has own


DNA & ribosomes
Chloroplast & Mitochondria
Both have: more than 1 membrane
‘Powerhouse’ of their cells
Contain their own DNA
Reproduce independently of the cell
Were they once free-living prokaryotic cells?!
Cytoplasm/Cytosol
Function: Hold organelles in place & site for
chemical reactions

Structure: Jelly – like substance between the


area of the nucleus & cell membrane
Cytoskeleton
Function: Supports & shapes the cell

Structure: A network of protein filaments


(microtubules, microfilaments)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
Function: Transport, "intracellular highway“.
Also makes lipids; breaks down toxins such as
drugs/alcohol
Structure: Thin folded membranes
that are connected together.
No ribosomes
Centrosome/Centrioles
Function: Helps the cell divide

Structure: Small region of cytoplasm, made up


of microtubules; pair of centrioles
Flagellum (flagella = plural)
Tail used for movement
Cilium (cilia = plural)
Tiny hair-like projections on cell exterior used
For movement and gathering food

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