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Nafis Akhtar Gulam Gous Arham Ahmad 17eeb428 17eeb473 17EEB508 S.No: 62 S.No: 67 S.NO: 68

The document discusses different types of probes used with oscilloscopes. It describes isolation probes, direct reading probes, and detector probes. It also discusses active probes, passive probes, and differential probes. Isolation probes use a capacitive voltage divider to reduce loading effects. Direct reading probes use shielded coaxial cables. Detector probes separate modulation components from carrier signals. Active probes contain amplifiers for high speed or high impedance measurements, while passive probes use basic components without amplification. Differential probes measure voltage differences between two points.

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Faizur Rahman
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85 views16 pages

Nafis Akhtar Gulam Gous Arham Ahmad 17eeb428 17eeb473 17EEB508 S.No: 62 S.No: 67 S.NO: 68

The document discusses different types of probes used with oscilloscopes. It describes isolation probes, direct reading probes, and detector probes. It also discusses active probes, passive probes, and differential probes. Isolation probes use a capacitive voltage divider to reduce loading effects. Direct reading probes use shielded coaxial cables. Detector probes separate modulation components from carrier signals. Active probes contain amplifiers for high speed or high impedance measurements, while passive probes use basic components without amplification. Differential probes measure voltage differences between two points.

Uploaded by

Faizur Rahman
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PROBES

NAFIS AKHTAR GULAM GOUS ARHAM AHMAD


17EEB428 17EEB473 17EEB508
S.NO: 62 S.NO: 67 S.NO: 68
Cathode Ray Oscilloscope
 It is very useful and versatile laboratory instrument used for display
measurement and analysis of waveforms and other phenomena in electrical
and electronic circuits.
 Basic oscilloscope functions is to display voltage signals as waveforms.
The signals are plotted on a graph.
 The usefulness of the oscilloscope is further extended by provision of
accessories.
 Some of the accessories are:
• Calibrator
• Probes
• Cameras
• Electronic switch
Fig:- Cathode RayOscilloscope
Oscilloscope Probes
 The Probe performs the very important function of
connecting the test circuit to the oscilloscope without
altering loading or otherwise disturbing the test circuit.
 An oscilloscope can be connected with any test circuit
through a probe in such a way that it should not create
any loading issues with the test circuit, so that we can
analyse the test circuits with the signals properly on CRO
screen.
Types of probes

 IsolationProbe
 Direct Reading Probe
 Detector probe
Isolation Probe
 Isolation probe is used in order to avoid the undesirable
circuit loading effects of the shielded probe.
 The isolation of the probe, which is used along with a
capacitance voltage divider, decreases the input
capacitance and increases the input resistance of the
oscilloscope. This way the loading effects are drastically
reduced.
Direct Reading Probe
 This probe is simplest of all probes and uses a shielded
co-axial cable. It avoids stray pick ups which may create
problems when low level signals are being measured. It is
usually used for low frequency or low impedance circuits.
 External high impedance probes are used to increase the
input resistance and reduce the effective input
capacitance of an oscilloscope. A resistor and capacitor
combination can be added to an oscilloscope. In effect
moving the input terminals from the front panel of the
instrument to the end of the probe.
 The combination of R1 and C1 is called ×10 probe.
Capacitance C1 is usually adjustable to
compensate for differences in input capacitance
between oscilloscope. See in fig:1
 If the probe is not properly compensated, the
display of square waveform will be adversely
affected, it is given in fig:2. If the value of C1 is too
small, the leading edge of the square wave is
rounded off but if value of C1 is too large, the
Ci = C1 C2 /(C1 + C2)
leading edge of square wave overshoots.
Ri = R1+R2

Fig: 2 Display of
square wave
Detector probe
 When analysing the response to modulated signals used in
Communication equipment like AM, FM and TV receivers.
 The detector probe functions to separate the low frequency
modulation component from the high frequency carrier. The
amplitude of the modulator carrier; which is proportional to the
response of the receiver to the much high frequency carrier
signal is displayed on the oscilloscope by rectifying and
bypassing action.
 This permits an Oscilloscope capable of audio-frequency
response to perform signal tracing tests on communication
signals in the range of 100MHz , a range which is beyond the
capabilities of all oscilloscope except the highly specialized
ones.
On the basis of function
 Active probes
 Passive probes
 Differential probes
Active Probes
 Active probes get their names because they
contain active components, such as FETs or
amplifiers.
 Active probes are commonly used for taking
high-speed measurements (>500 MHz) or on
high-impedance circuits.
 Active probes employ internal FETs, or other
active components, that present extremely high
input resistance and low input capacitance (~1
pF).
 Active probes are externally powered, which
allows them to amplify signals without using
power from the circuit under test.
Passive Probes
 Passive probes are the most commonly used probes for
taking general-purpose measurements.
 Passive probes are constructed using wires, connectors, a
housing, and, if required, compensation or attenuation
resistors or capacitors. See in fig below.
 No active components such as transistors or amplifiers are
used within these types of probes.
 Generally speaking, passive probes are easy to use,
relatively inexpensive.
 Passive probes are typically available in the following
configurations:
1. 1×: no attenuation
2. 10×: factor-of-10 attenuation
Differential Probes
 Differential probes measure differential signals.
That is, they measure the difference between any
two points. This is in contrast to a single-ended
probe, which measures the difference between a
single point and ground.
 Differential probes are especially popular for
measuring high-frequency signals or signals of
very low amplitude.
 Differential probes use a differential amplifier to
convert the difference between two signals into a
voltage that can be sent to a typical single-ended
scope input.
Voltage probes Differential probes Current probes
References
 A.K. Sawhney, ”cathode ray oscilloscope,” in A Course in
Electrical and Electronics Measurements and Instrumentation.
 Pictures and some contents are credited to the electrical
engineering web pages.
Thank you
AND
Have a nice day

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