This document summarizes a study on tunnel construction. It defines a tunnel as an underground passageway dug through soil, earth, or rock. Tunnels are used for transportation, water, and sewage. They are built to avoid obstacles like mountains, are more economical than open cuts, and decrease alignment length. Common tunnel types include the horseshoe tunnel which uses arch action to resist loading, and the New Austrian Tunnelling Method which involves drilling, charging, excavation using benching, loading/unloading, and rock bolting if needed.
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Rabin Chettri
This document summarizes a study on tunnel construction. It defines a tunnel as an underground passageway dug through soil, earth, or rock. Tunnels are used for transportation, water, and sewage. They are built to avoid obstacles like mountains, are more economical than open cuts, and decrease alignment length. Common tunnel types include the horseshoe tunnel which uses arch action to resist loading, and the New Austrian Tunnelling Method which involves drilling, charging, excavation using benching, loading/unloading, and rock bolting if needed.
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STUDY OF TUNNEL
Submitted by rabin chettri
(201618509)
In partial fulfilment of the requirements
for the degree of Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering Under the supervision of Mr. AMIT SHARMA Geologist Abir Infrastructure Pvt Ltd INTRODUCTION What is tunnel? Tunnel is an underground and underwater passage way, dug through the surrounding soil/ earth/ rock. Tunnel construction depends on ground coundition. It is used for transportation, carrying water, sewage etc. REASON TO BUILD A TUNNEL
To avoid bypassing the obstacle (eg mountain).
It is more economical than open cuts. Decrease the the length of the alignment it is more reliable compare to open cuts HOURSE SHOE TUNNEL Commonly used for rock tunnelling It resist the loading by means of arch action It is mainly used for the construction of roads and railway New Austrian Tunnelling Method(NATM) Drilling Charging Excavation(benching method) Loading and unloading Scaling and cleaning Rock bolting (if required) CONSTRUCTION THANK YOU
Transactions of the American Society of Civil Engineers, vol. LXVIII, Sept. 1910
The New York Tunnel Extension of the Pennsylvania Railroad.
The East River Tunnels. Paper No. 1159
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