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CANDIDIASIS

Candidiasis is the most common fungal infection of the oral cavity, caused by the yeast Candida albicans. It can present as acute or chronic forms that are classified based on appearance and location. Predisposing factors include antibiotics, corticosteroids, dentures, and immunodeficiency. Symptoms vary from white patches to erythema and burning. Treatment involves topical or systemic antifungal agents like nystatin or ketoconazole depending on severity and location of infection.

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Shraddha Suchak
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161 views32 pages

CANDIDIASIS

Candidiasis is the most common fungal infection of the oral cavity, caused by the yeast Candida albicans. It can present as acute or chronic forms that are classified based on appearance and location. Predisposing factors include antibiotics, corticosteroids, dentures, and immunodeficiency. Symptoms vary from white patches to erythema and burning. Treatment involves topical or systemic antifungal agents like nystatin or ketoconazole depending on severity and location of infection.

Uploaded by

Shraddha Suchak
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CANDIDIASIS

• GUIDED BY - • PRESENTED BY -
• Dr. Shilpashree H.S. • Shivangi vadangar.
• Dr. Siddhana Gouda. • Roll No-74
• Dr. Pranay Patel. • 4th year B.D.S.
CANDIDIASIS
• OTHER NAMES

• Candidosis
• Monailiasis
• Thrush
INTRODUCTION
• Candidiasis is most common type of fungal
infection that occurs in the oral cavity.
• It mainly caused by yeast like fungus,candida
albicans.
• Candida albican is an
oppturnistic fungal
pathogen that is responsible
for candidiasis in human hosts.
• Commonlly affected areas are
• mouth,Skin,genital,throat.
classification
Oral candidiasis
• ACUTE
• Acute psedomembranous candidiasis
• Acute atropic candidiasis
• CHRONIC
• Chronic atrophic candidasis
• Denture stomatitis
• Median rhomboid glossitis
• Angular cheilitis
• Id reaction
• Chronic hyperplastcic candidiasis
• CHRONIC MUCOCUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS
• Familial chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
• Localized chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
• Diffuse chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
• Candidasis endocrinopathy syndrome.
• EXTAORAL CANDIDIASIS
• Oral candidiasis associated with extraoral
lesion,orofacial & intertriginous sites
• (candidal vuluovaginitis, intertriginous
candidiasis)
• Gastraintestinal candidiasis
• Candida hypersensitivity syndrome
• SYSTEMIC CANDIDIASIS
• Mainly affectes the eye, kidney & skin.
CLASSIFICATION
• PRIMARY ORAL CANDIDIASIS
• ACUTE FORM
• pseudomembranous
• erythematous
• CHRONIC FORM
• hyperplastic
• erythematous
• pseudomembranous
• CANDIDA –ASSOCIATED LESION
• Denture stomatitis
• Angular stomatitis
• Median rhomboid glossitis
• KERANTINIZED PRIMARY LESION SUPER-
INFECTED WITH CANDIDA
• Leukoplakia
• Lichen planus
• Lupus erythematous
• SECONDARY CANDIDIASIS
• ORAL MAINFESTATION OF SYSTEMIC
MUCOCUTANEOUS CANDIDIASIS
• Diseases such as thymic aplasia & candida
endocrinopathy syndrome.
Predisposing factor
• Marked changes in oral microbial flora
1. Due to the use of antibiotics
2. excessive use of antibacterial mouth rinses,or
xerostomia
• Chronic local irritants
1. Denture & orthodontic appliances
• Administration of corticosteroid
• Poor oral hygiene
• Pregnancy
• Nutritional deficiency
PATHOGENESIS
• It is the common inhabitant of the oral cavity,
gastrointestinal tract and vagina.
• When the favorable condition develops,the
organism transform into hyphe.
• Thus it appears that the mere presence of fungus
is not sufficent to produce the disease.these must
be actual penetration of the tissues.
• It was considered to be only an infection,affecting
individual who were debilited by another dise.
ACUTE PSEDOMEMBRANOUS
CANDIDIASIS (THRUSH)
• It is the most common form of candidiasis.

• It is a superficial infection of the


outer layer of the epithelium.

• Thrush is seen in chronically


ill patient or in children and
in adults of all ages.
Clinical Features
• Infants
• Receiving systemic corticosteroid therapy.
• Soft white aderent patches on the oral
mucosa.
• Generally painless.
• Removed with little difficulty.
Clinical Features
• Adult
• Appear as soft ,white,slightly elevated plaque
like lesions.
• Most frequently occuring on
• buccal mucosa and tongue
• but also seen on the palate,
• gingiva & floor of the mouth.
• Prodromal symptom :
• Rapid onset of bad taste
• Burning sensation of mouth
& throat.
• Plaque resembles like
• Milk curd or cottage cheese.
• Consist of tangled masses of fungal hyphe
with desquamated epithelium, keratin,
necrotic debris & bacteria.
• Plaque can usually wiped away with gauze,
• That leaves either normal mucosa,or an
erythematous area which is painfull.
Differential Diagnosis
• Food debris
• Habitual cheek biting
• Rarely genetically determined epithelial
abnormality such as:
• white sponge nevus.
Acute Atrophic Candidiasis
• It is also known as Antibiotic Sore Mouth.
• Prolonged drug therapy
• Topical steroid
• Broad spectrum antibiotics
• Denture wearers
Clinical Freatures
• Any site but mainly involves
• Tongue or area facing prosthesis
• Red or Erythematous
• Pain or Burning sensation
• Erythematous appearance occurs due to loss
of filiform papillae.
Chronic Atrophic Candidiasis
• Chronic atrophic candidiasis includes :

• Denture Stomatitis. (Denture sore mouth)

• Angular chelitis.

• Median rhomboid glossitis.


Denture stomatitis
• It is also known as Denture sore mouth.
• Clinical Features
• Women are affected more
frequently than man.
• It is the most common form
of the oral disease.
• Numerous palatal patchies.
• More diffuse erythema involving of the denture
covered mucosa.
• Development of tissue granulation or nodularity
commonly involving the central areas of the hard
palate & alveolar ridgrs.
Angular Cheilitis
• It is also called as angular cheilosis,
cheilocandidiasis, perleche.
• Micro-organisms : particularly candida
albicans,but also staphylococci,streptocci.
• Clinical Features
• It occurs in young children as well as in adults.
• It characterized by feeling of dryness & a
burning sensation at the corners of the mouth.
• Epithelium at the commissure appears
wrinkled as time,wrinkling becomes more
pronouced to form one or more deep fissures
or cracks which appear ulcerated.
Median Rhomboidal Glossitis
• Erythematous patches of atrophic papillae
located in the central area of dorsum of
tongue are considered a form of chronic
atrophic candidiasis.
• Lesion become more nodular
the Condition referred to
• hyperplastic median rhomboid
glossitis.
Chronic Hyperplastic Candidiasis
• Candidal leukoplakia
• Slightly white to dense white with cracks & fissures
occasionally.
• Associated with iron & folate deficiency and
defective cell mediated immunity.
• Clinical Features
• Firm adherent white patches
• Predominantly in men.
• Middle age or above –
• heavy smokers.
• Site: cheek,lip & tongue.
• Firm & white leathery plaque.
• Persist without any pain for years.
• Diffrential diagnosis
• Hairy leukoplakia
• Lichen planus
Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
• Usually result of defect in cell mediated
immunity or may be iron deficiency.
• It is characterized by chronic candidal
involvement of
• skin
• Nails
• Scalp
• Mucous membrane.
Chronic Localised mucocutaneous
candidiasis
• There is wide spread in involvement &
granulomatous & horny masses on the face &
scalp with no genetic transmission.

• The mouth is the common primary site for the


typical white plaque & nail involvement is
usually present.
Candidasis Endocrinopathy syndrome
• It is genitically transmitted condition
charaterized by candida infection of
• Skin,scalp,nails& mucous membrane.

• Clasically the oral cavity, in association with


either hypoadrenalism, hypoparathyroidism,
hypothyroidism ovarian insufficiency.
Treatment of oral candidiasis
• A variety of Topical & systemically
administered medications.

• Antifungal agents are been beneficial in


treatment.
Topical treatment
• Topical treatment preferred –
Less systemic absorption,
• Effectiveness depends entirely on patient
compliance
• clotrimazole
-antifungal as well as anti bacterial property
• -10mg tablets- soluble in water
5 times a day
1% genitian violet not ideal
causes staining
Systemic treatment
• Nystatin
• It is polyene agent given
-250 mg tds – 2 weeks followed by 1 troche per
day for 3 weeks.
• ketaconazole
• 200 mg tab with food OD
• Long term use needed careful monitoring Because
of liverside effect.
• It requires acidic environment for absorption.
Thank you.

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