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Loads On Tower

This document describes the design of a 220kV transmission line tower located in Hyderabad, India. It provides details on the tower components, types, height calculations considering factors like wind speed and load cases. It then describes modeling the tower in STAAD and analyzing it under 5 load cases to obtain member forces, displacements and determine required steel sections. In conclusion, it states that a 220kV tower was designed for wind zone 3 with a basic wind speed of 44m/s according to Indian codes to obtain member sizes and responses under different failure scenarios.

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PRAKASH A 18MSE002
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982 views27 pages

Loads On Tower

This document describes the design of a 220kV transmission line tower located in Hyderabad, India. It provides details on the tower components, types, height calculations considering factors like wind speed and load cases. It then describes modeling the tower in STAAD and analyzing it under 5 load cases to obtain member forces, displacements and determine required steel sections. In conclusion, it states that a 220kV tower was designed for wind zone 3 with a basic wind speed of 44m/s according to Indian codes to obtain member sizes and responses under different failure scenarios.

Uploaded by

PRAKASH A 18MSE002
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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LOADS ON TOWER

Presented by
Jaser 18MSE004
Sathish kumar 18MSE006
CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION
PARTS OF TRANSMISSION TOWER
TYPES OF TRANSMISSION TOWER
TOWER HEIGHT
ROLE OF WIND PRESSURE
PROBLEM DEFINITION
TOWER HEIGHT CALCULATIONS
WIND LOAD
LOAD CASES ON TOWER
STAAD MODELLING
CONCLUSION
INTRODUCTION
Transmission tower is a tall
structure used to support a
overhead power line. They are
used in high-voltage AC and
DC systems, and come in a
wide variety of shapes and
sizes. Typical height ranges
from 15 to 55 meters .
PARTS OF TRANSMISSION TOWER

• Peak of transmission tower


• Cross arm of transmission tower
• Cage of transmission tower
• Transmission tower body
• Insulator string
TYPES OF TRANSMISSION TOWER
 Based on Angle of deviation :
1. A-type tower-anlge of deviation 0º to 2º
2. B-type tower-anlge of deviation 2º TO 15º
3. C-type tower-anlge of deviation 15º to 30º
4. D-type tower-anlge of deviation 30º to 60º
 Based on force applied by conductor on cross arms:
1. Tangent suspension tower and it is generally A-type
tower
2. Angle tower or tension tower or section tower.
All B,C,D types are of this type.
TOWER HEIGHT

1. Minimum permissible
ground clearance h1
2. Maximum sag h2
3. Vertical spacing
between conductors h3
4. Vertical clearance
between ground wire
and top conductor h4
ROLE OF WIND PRESSURE
• Wind zones and basic wind speed
• Variation of wind speed with height
• Wind force on structure
PROBLEM DEFINITION
Tower location is selected at Hyderabad with following
specifications.
The following parameters are assumed from
IS 802 Part 1: Sec 1 : 1995, IS 5613 Part 2:Sec 1: 1989.
• Transmission line voltage : 220KV
• Angle of line deviation : 0º to 2º
• Terrain type considered : plain
• Terrain Category: 2 (Normal cross country lines with
few obstacles)
• Return Period: 50 years
• Wind zone: 3
• Basic Wind Speed: 44 m/s
• Basic Wind Pressure: 614 N/ 𝑚2

• Reference wind speed 𝑉𝑅 = 32m/s


• Design wind speed 𝑉𝑑 = 32m/s
• Design wind pressure = 614.4 N/
• Tower Type: Self-Supporting Tower, Suspension
Type Tower, Tower Type "A"
• Tower Geometry: Square Base Tower
• No. of Circuits: Double Circuit
• Bracing Pattern: X-B Bracing
• Cross-Arm: Pointed
• Maximum Temperature: 46
• Minimum Temperature: 6
• Peak Type: Triangular
• Number of Ground Wires: Single
• Shielding Angle: 30º
• Minimum Ground Clearance: 7 m
• Maximum Height above G.L = 33 m
• Width at Cross Arm level = 2 m
• Width at base: 5 m
• Vertical Spacing between Conductors = 5 m
• Horizontal Spacing between Conductors: 9 m
• Base Width / Height: 1:6.6
• Wind Span = Normal span = 350 m
 Conductor properties
• Voltage Level: 220 kV
• Code Name of Conductor: ASCR “ZEBRA”
• No. of Conductors/Phase: ONE
• Stranding / Wire dia.: 54/4.13 Al + 7/3.53 St.
• Total Sectional Area: 597
• Over all dia.: 31.77 mm
• Approx. Weight: 1998 kg/km
• Min. UTS: 159.6 KN
• Modulus of Elasticity: 69GN/
• Coefficient of Linear Expansion: 19.3 X /
• Maximum temperature of Conductor: 75
Earth Wire Properties
• Material of Earth Wire: Galvanized Steel
• No. of earth wire: ONE
• Stranding / Wire diameter: 7 / 3.15
• Total Sectional Area: 54.55
• Over all dia.: 9.45 mm
• Approx. Weight: 428 kg/km
• Min. UTS: 56 KN
• Modulus of Elasticity: 193.61 GN/
• Coefficient of linear expansion: 11.50 X /
• Maximum temperature of Earth Wire: 53
TOWER HEIGHT CALCULATIONS

• Here we are taking h1 = 7.478m


• we have sag S = = = 7.522m
• For 220KV line of 2 circuits, minimum vertical
spacing between conductors is 4.9m.
We are taking it as 5m and h3 = 10m.
• The height can be calculated by considering the
shield angle = 30 i.e., the angle between the vertical
at the peak point to the line joining the peak point and
top insulator string.
Tan 30 =
h4 = 7.794m.
WIND LOAD

For wind load on tower


𝐹𝑤𝑡 = 𝑃𝑑 × 𝐶𝑑𝑡 ×𝐴𝑒× 𝐺𝑇

• At top cross arm


𝐹𝑤𝑡 = (614.4 ×2.975 ×0.924 ×2.26254)÷4 + (614.4 ×2.08×2.286 ×2.284)
= 7.63KN
• At middle cross arm:
𝐹𝑤𝑡 = (614.4 ×2.975 ×0.924 ×2.21254) ÷4 + ( 614.4 ×2.08×2.286 ×2.234)
= 7.46KN
• At bottom cross arm:
𝐹𝑤𝑡 = (614.4 ×3.3 ×0.6996×2.07964) ÷4 + ( 614.4 ×2.08×2.286 × 2.1552)
= 7.03KN
• At peak point:
𝐹𝑤𝑡 = (614.4 ×3.05 ×0.4992×2.313 ) ÷3
= 0.72KN
LOAD CASES ON TOWER
1. Normal condition @32 & 100% wind

2. GW + TC + MC + BC Broken @ 32 & 100% wind


3. GW + TC + BC + MC Broken @ 32 &100% wind

4. GW + BC + MC + TC Broken @ 32 & 100% wind


5. TC + MC + BC + GW Broken @ 32 &100% wind
STAAD MODELLING

• Transmission line tower is modelled using the


coordinates of different nodes and then, joining them
to form members and ultimately a transmission tower.
• Support are chosen to be fixed.
• Then the 5 load cases are considered.
• Sections is chosen as ISEA 60 ×60 ×6 mm.
• Parameters defined as
Ultimate tensile strength = 41,000 KN/
Yield strength = 25,000 KN/
Section chosen = hot rolled section
• Design is done according to the loading conditions
and then the results are obtained.
1 2 3 5
4

Axial Force Distribution Diagrams


For 5 Load Cases
1 2 3 4 5

Deflected Shape Diagrams


For 5 load Cases
CONCLUSION
In the present study, a 220 KV transmission line
tower is designed in wind zone 3 with a basic wind
speed of 44m/s. The various loads acting on the
tower, Conductors and the Ground wire are calculated
using the required Indian Standard Codes, and then
the tower is modelled and designed using
STAAD.Pro V8i . The steel sections required are
obtained along with member forces and Nodal
displacements.
THANK YOU ALL

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