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Protozoa 2

This document summarizes several phyla of protozoa: - Amoeba-like organisms move using pseudopodia and some have protective shells. Examples are Amoeba and Arcella. - Euglenozoa includes Euglena which have flagella and chloroplasts to photosynthesize, and Trypanosoma which are parasitic kinetoplastids lacking chloroplasts. - Chlorophyta like Volvox are photosynthetic and colonial or single-celled with flagella and chloroplasts. - Apicomplexa are parasitic without locomotion structures. Plasmodium causes malaria with asexual reproduction by schizogony in human and mosquito hosts. - Cili

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63 views34 pages

Protozoa 2

This document summarizes several phyla of protozoa: - Amoeba-like organisms move using pseudopodia and some have protective shells. Examples are Amoeba and Arcella. - Euglenozoa includes Euglena which have flagella and chloroplasts to photosynthesize, and Trypanosoma which are parasitic kinetoplastids lacking chloroplasts. - Chlorophyta like Volvox are photosynthetic and colonial or single-celled with flagella and chloroplasts. - Apicomplexa are parasitic without locomotion structures. Plasmodium causes malaria with asexual reproduction by schizogony in human and mosquito hosts. - Cili

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Phantom of Venice
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Protozoa Phyla

List of Phyla
 Amoeba-like organisms (e.g., Amoeba)
 Phylum Euglenozoa
 Subphylum Euglenida (e.g., Euglena)
 Subphylum Kinetoplasta (e.g., Trypanosoma)
 Phylum Chlorophyta (e.g., Volvox)
 Phylum Apicomplexa (e.g., Plasmodium)
 Phylum Ciliophora (e.g., Paramecium)
General Characteristics
 Single-celled or unicellular organisms;
some live in colonies;
 Size = microscopic (3 to 1,000 microns).
 No germ layers, tissues, or organs;
 However, specialized intracellular
"organelles" are present
General Characteristics
 Locomotion by pseudopodia, flagella, or cilia.
 Symmetry = all types (bilateral, radial,
spherical, or asymmetrical)
 Free living, commensal, parasitic, or
mutualistic
 Mostly naked, but few have simple protective
exoskeletons (tests). Ex. = Arcella
General Characteristics
 Nutrition = autotrophic (holophytic),
saprozoic, saprophytic, or holozoic.
 Reproduction: asexual = longitudinal and
transverse binary fission, budding,
 Sexual = sporogony, and autogamy
Amoeba-like organisms
Amoeba-like organisms

 Organisms move by pseudopodia, flagella,


or a combination
 Monomorphic nuclei
 Genera
 Amoeba- without a test, naked
 Arcella- with a calcareous test
Figure 11.10
Amoeba
Pseudopod

Food Vacuole

Contractile Vacuole

Nucleus

Phagocytosis
Hyaline Cap
Amoeba hunting Figure 11.05
food
Arcella
Side View

Test

Pseudopod
Arcella

Top View Nucleus


Phylum Euglenozoa

 Organisms move by
one or two flagella
 Monomorphic nuclei
 Capable of
photosynthesis;
chloroplasts usually
present
Subphylum Euglenida
 Plant like organisms
 Solitary
 Can photosynthesize
Euglena
Euglena

Chloroplasts

Contractile Vacuole

Flagellum not
visible Stigma
Subphylum Kinetoplasta
 Organisms are only
heterotrophic
 No chloroplasts
present
 all parasitic

Red Blood Cells

Trypanosoma smear – cause of sleeping sickness


Organism
Trypanasoma

Trypanosoma organism

Red Blood Cells


Phylum Chlorophyta
 Flagellated single or colonial organisms
 Are autotrophic
 Have chloroplasts with chlorophyll
 Genetically different from Euglenozoa
Volvox life cycle
Figure 11.20
Volvox

Zygote

Egg

Mother
Colony
Daughter Colonies

Mother Colony

Nuclei of individual
cells
Phylum Apicomplexa
 organisms do not
have locomotor
structures;
 all species are
parasitic
 asexual reproduction
involves schizogony

Plasmodium smear – cause of Malaria


Final Host
Plasmodium – agent
For malaria

Vector
Ring stage

merozoite trophozoite
Red blood cell

Trophozooite
Ring stage in red blood cell

Ring stage – Early Trophozoite


Schizont with merozoites in red blood cell

Red blood cell

Merozoites in the Schizont


Female Male

Gametocytes
Phylum Ciliophora
The Ciliates
 Organisms move by cilia
 Usually two sizes of nuclei
 Macronucleus and micronucleus
 Reproduction usually by transverse binary
fission
 but sexual reproduction by conjugation
Paramecium
Binary Fission – Asexual Reproduction
Conjugation – sexual reproduction
Vorticella
Stentor

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