FINDING EXACT

TRIGONOMETRIC VALUES
Instructor Brian D. Ray
 DRILL
• DIRECTIONS: Solve each special right
triangle shown below.
1) 2)
1 y= 2
S= 3 t=2
45 60

X= 1 1

• In the 45 – 45 – 90 triangle, assume that a leg is 1.

• The other leg is 1 since the 45 – 45 – 90 is isosceles!
• The hypotenuse, by the Pythagorean Theorem is 2 long.
units
 DRILL
• DIRECTIONS: Solve each special right
triangle shown below.
1) 2)
1 y= 2
S= 3 t=2
45
60
x =1 1
• In the 30 – 60 – 90 triangle, assume that the short leg is 1.
• How do we know which leg is the short leg?
The short leg is opposite the 30 angle.
• The hypotenuse is 2 units according to the derivation we did in our previous unit.

• The hypotenuse is 3 units long by the Pythagorean Theorem.

 OUR ULTIMATE GOAL
• Why do we learn about functions?
• Do you remember what
kind of function we
used to model each
situation?

Time 0.5 1 1.5 2

(in hrs)
Distance 30 60 90 120
(miles)
 OUR ULTIMATE GOAL
• Do you remember what Path of baseball

kind of function we
used to model each
situation?

Ground zero
 OUR ULTIMATE GOAL
• Do you remember what Verizon charges me $0.45 for
each additional minute that I use
kind of function we beyond my plan. I used 7:28
used to model each additional minutes, but of course,
situation? Verizon will round up, rather than
round down. What function can I
use to model this the additional
cost I would pay?
 HERE’S THE POINT
• Have you ever seen this before?
Let’s look here:
http://www.truveo.com/H
ow-to-make-a-y oyo-
sleep-Sleeper-yoyo-
trick/id/2310084845
• What about these? • What
function
do we
have to
model
this
motion?
 OBJECTIVE
• To model the situations given in the last slides, we
need to learn more trigonometry! Our objective is to
calculate the trigonometric value of any angle,
particularly those having special reference angles.
 EXAMPLE
• Find the six trigonometric values for 240 .
Step 1. Draw the angle.
90
Step 2. Find the reference angle.
Step 3. Set up the special right 
triangle. Be careful to use the
correct signs. 1
Step 4. Apply the definitions we 180  360
60
learned from the reference angle  3 opposite  3
to find the trigonometric values. 
 2 adjacent  1

opposite   3 

 

sin 240 
2 
270 
hypotenuse
adjacent   1 opposite  3
cos 240 

tan 240    3
hypotenuse 2 adjacent 1

 EXAMPLE
• Find the six trigonometric values for 240 .
Step 1. Draw the angle.
90
Step 2. Find the reference angle.
Step 3. Set up the special right 
triangle. Be careful to use the
correct signs. 1
Step 4. Apply the definitions we 180  360
60
learned from the reference angle  3 opposite  3
to find the trigonometric values. 
 2 adjacent  1

hypotenuse   2   2 3  
csc 240 
3 3 
270 
opposite 
hypotenuse   2  2 adjacent 1 3
sec 240  cot 240   
adjacent 1 opposite  3 3
 
 EXAMPLE 2
 5
• Find the six trigonometric values for 4 .
Step 1. Draw the angle.  32   64
Step 2. Find the reference angle.
Step 3. Set up the special right  2
triangle. Be careful to use the 1

correct signs.    44  
4
2    8
4
Step 4. Apply the definitions we 1
learned from the reference angle  opposite 1
to find the trigonometric values. 
 adjacent  1
   
 5  opposite  1 2
sin      2   24 
 4  hypotenuse 2 2 

 5  adjacent 1 2  5  opposite 1
cos      tan       1
 4  hypotenuse 2 2  4  adjacent  1
 EXAMPLE 2
 5
• Find the six trigonometric values for 4 .
Step 1. Draw the angle.  32   64
Step 2. Find the reference angle.
Step 3. Set up the special right  2
triangle. Be careful to use the 1

correct signs.    44  
4
2    8
4
Step 4. Apply the definitions we 1
learned from the reference angle  opposite 1
to find the trigonometric values. 
 adjacent  1
   
 5  hypotenuse
csc    
2
 2  2   24 
 4  opposite 1 

 5  hypotenuse  2  2  5  adjacent 1
sec     cot       1
 4  adjacent  1  4  opposite 1
 EXAMPLE
• Find the six trigonometric values for 330 
.
Step 1. Draw the angle.
90
Step 2. Find the reference angle.
Step 3. Set up the special right
triangle. Be careful to use the
correct signs.
Step 4. Apply the definitions we 180  
3 360
30
learned from the reference angle 1
to find the trigonometric values. opposite 1 2

adjacent 3
opposite   1 
sin 330 

2

 270
hypotenuse
opposite 3 opposite 1 3
cos 330 

 tan 330   
hypotenuse 2 hypotenuse 3 3
 EXAMPLE
• Find the six trigonometric values for 330 
.
Step 1. Draw the angle.
90
Step 2. Find the reference angle.
Step 3. Set up the special right
triangle. Be careful to use the
correct signs.
Step 4. Apply the definitions we 180  
3 360
30
learned from the reference angle 1
to find the trigonometric values. opposite 1 2

adjacent 3
hypotenuse 
2 
csc 330 

  2 
 270
opposite 1
hypotenuse  2  2 3 adjacent 3
sec 330 

cot 330    3
adjacent 3 3 opposite 1
 Quadrantal Angles 90

• Definition. A
quadrantile angle is an 180  360
angle whose initial side
lies on one of the
 
coordinates axes. 270
90
• Examples.
90 270 
180  360
• How do we find trig
values in this case?
 
 270
Trigonometric Values of Quadrantal
Angles 90
• Definition. The unit ( 0 , 1 )
( 1 , 0 )
circle is a circle whose
180  360
radius is 1 unit long. 1

• Identify the ordered ( 1 , 0 )

  ( 0 , 1 )
pair for each quadrantal 270
angle.
• We will now find out 
how to find calculate
the trigonometric
values of these angles.
 EXAMPLE: Quadrantal Angles
90
• Find the six trigonometric ( 0 , 1 )
( 1 , 0 )
values for180 .
Step 1. Draw the angle. 180  360
Step 2. Find the ordered pair from
1
the unit circle..
( 1 , 0 )
Step 3. Apply the definitions we
  ( 0 , 1 )
learned from the reference angle 270
to find the trigonometric values.
y 0
sin 180   0
r 1 
x 1
cos 180  

 1
r 1
y
tan 180   0  0


x 1
 EXAMPLE: Quadrantal Angles
90
• Find the six trigonometric ( 0 , 1 )
( 1 , 0 )
values for180 .
Step 1. Draw the angle. 180  360
Step 2. Find the ordered pair from
1
the unit circle..
( 1 , 0 )
Step 3. Apply the definitions we
  ( 0 , 1 )
learned from the reference angle 270
to find the trigonometric values.
r 0
csc 180 

 0
y 1 
r
sec 180   1  1


x 1

cot 180    1  undefined

x
y 0
 Quadrantal Angles
Try This 90
• Find the six trigonometric ( 0 , 1 )
( 1 , 0 )
values for  270.
Step 1. Draw the angle. 180  360
Step 2. Find the ordered pair from
1
the unit circle..
( 1 , 0 )
Step 3. Apply the definitions we
  ( 0 , 1 )
learned from the reference angle 270
to find the trigonometric values.

sin  270  
y 1

r 1 1 
cos 270     0
 x 0
r 1
tan  270    1  undefined
y
x 0
 Quadrantal Angles
Try This 90
• Find the six trigonometric ( 0 , 1 )
( 1 , 0 )
values for 270 .
Step 1. Draw the angle. 180  360
Step 2. Find the ordered pair from
1
the unit circle..
( 1 , 0 )
Step 3. Apply the definitions we
  ( 0 , 1 )
learned from the reference angle 270
to find the trigonometric values.

csc  270     1
 r 1
y 1

sec  270     undefined
 r 1
x 0
cot  270     0
x 0
y 1