Stephanie Mae C.

Salcedo
June 30, 2019
MATS AVR
Research is...
 a systematic process
 an iterative process…repetitive
 a process of steps used to collect and analyze
information in order to increase our understanding of
a topic or issue (Creswell, 2005)
 The Importance of Research
 Enrichment/expansion of knowledge (Contribution to
the body of knowledge)
 Improvement of practice
(Better ways of doing things)
 Information on policy debates
(Sound decisions that have crucial implications)
 Improving research skills
(Doing research makes one a better researcher)
What is a Research Paper?
According to Purdue O.W.L., “A research paper is the
culmination and final product of an involved
process of research, critical thinking, source
evaluation, organization, and composition.”
Steps to Writing a Research Paper
 Choose a topic.
You might be given a topic, or you may be able to
choose your own. If able to select a topic, choose one
about which you are curious but do not already have
great knowledge.

 Refine your topic and create a working thesis.

Read about your topic to find several aspects to
explore in-depth.
 Research your topic and take notes.
Gather information from reliable sources to develop
credible, intelligent ideas about the topic.

 Formulate a thesis.
Consider your purpose. Are you going to analyze (look
at all the small parts of your topic) to prove your thesis,
or are you going to argue (start with a strong opinion
and support it with strong evidence) your point?
When you have made that decision, construct a final
thesis statement.
 Write an outline.
Review note cards and select the strongest evidence to
support the thesis and topic sentences. Order ideas
logically.

 Begin drafting.
Transfer the information from the outline into
paragraph form, remembering to correctly cite the
source of quoted or paraphrased ideas.

 Revise and polish.

Peer and self-edit using editing and revising checklist.
Plagiarism
According to the Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary,
to plagiarize means “to steal and pass off (the ideas
or words of another) as one’s own to use
(another’s production) without crediting the
source to commit literary theft to present as new
and original an idea or product derived from an
existing source” (Plagiarism.org)
 “Any information which the student did not have prior
to the assignment should have both parenthetical
references and works cited unless it is considered to be
general knowledge. Electronic computer-based
cheating consists of downloading pre-existing papers,
copying and pasting from any electronic source and
the use of Internet translation resources. Transmitting
unauthorized information via any electronic device,
such as graphing calculators, cell/camera phones,
iPads, or iPods is also considered violations of
academic integrity. Violations of academic integrity
will not be tolerated”
Choosing a Title
 The title summarizes the main idea or ideas of your
study. A good title contains the fewest possible words
that adequately describe the contents and/or purpose
of your research paper.
 The title is without doubt the part of a paper that
is read the most, and it is usually read first. If the
title is too long it usually contains too many
unnecessary words. On the other hand, a title which is
too short often uses words which are too general; it
does not provide any information on the focus of a
research paper.
 The final title you submit to your professor is
created after the research is complete so that the
title accurately captures what was done. The
working title should be developed early in the research
process because it can help anchor the focus of the
study in much the same way the research problem
does. Referring back to the working title can help you
reorient yourself back to the main purpose of the
study if you feel yourself drifting off on a tangent while
writing.
Characteristics of an Effective Title
1. Indicate accurately the subject and scope of the study.
2. Avoid using abbreviations.
3. Use words that create a positive impression and stimulate reader interest.
4. Identify key variables, both dependent and independent.
5. May reveal how the paper will be organized.
6. Suggest a relationship between variables which supports the major
hypothesis.
7. Is limited to 10 to 15 substantive words.
8. Do not include "study of," "analysis of" or similar constructions.
9. Titles are usually in the form of a phrase, but can also be in the form of a
question.
10. Use correct grammar and capitalization with all first words and last words
capitalized, including the first word of a subtitle. All nouns, pronouns,
verbs, adjectives, and adverbs that appear between the first and last words of
the title are also capitalized.
11. In academic papers, rarely is a title followed by an exclamation mark.
However, a title or subtitle can be in the form of a question.
Examples:
1. Eating Habits and Attitudes Towards Physical
Activities Among Senior High School Students of
MATS College of Technology
2. English Language Skills and Language Learning
Strategies of Senior High School Students of MATS
College of Technology
3. Influence of Motivation and Teaching Effectiveness
on Math Study Skills of Senior High School Students
in MATS College of Technology
 PARTS OF A
RESEARCH PAPER
INITIAL PAGES
 Title Page
 Approval Sheet
 Abstract
 Acknowledgement
 Dedication (optional)
 Table of Contents
 List of Tables
 List of Figures
 Declaration
Title Page
The following information needs to be in the title page:
 The title (and possibly the subtitle) of your research
paper
 First name and surname of the author(s)
 Whether it is an undergraduate research paper or a
‘Bachelor’s thesis’
 Faculty and department
 Place and date of completion
Approval Sheet
 This is to prove that the authors have passed the
requirements needed for the research paper.
 This is signed by the research adviser, panel and the
Principal.
 This also states the grade obtained by the author/s.
Abstract
 An abstract presents a brief summary of your research
paper.
 The aim of the abstract is to briefly provide the reader
with the most important information from the entire
text.
 An abstract never contains new information.
 This summary is no longer than 2 pages of a short
bond paper.
Acknowledgement
 This is a page focused on expressing gratitude to
organizations, agencies or individuals who, in one way
or another, have aided the researchers in finishing the
research paper.
Dedication
 This is the page for dedicating the research paper to
certain people or groups who have inspired the
researchers while doing the thesis.
Table of Contents
 The table of contents is essentially a topic outline of
the research paper.
 It is compiled by listing the headings in the research
paper down to whichever level you choose.
List of Tables/List of Figures
 Include a list of figures (illustrations) and a list of
tables if you have one or more items in these
categories.
 Use a separate page for each list.
 List the number, caption, and page number of every
figure and table in the body of the research paper.
 TITLE OF CHAPTERS
1. The Problem and Its Setting
2. Method
3. Results and Discussion
4. Conclusions and Recommendations
 CHAPTER I
The Problem and Its Setting
Introduction
 The first chapter of your research paper is your
introduction.
 This is where you provide an introduction to the topic
of your choice: you give the context in terms of
content of the research project.
 Cite global, national and local scenarios.
 This includes purpose and reason behind the conduct
of the study. (What made you conduct the study?)
Review of Related Literature and
Studies
In this part you must get your data and information from any
books, magazines, and news papers. You must label your
published material with local or foreign.
1. Must be also organized to cover specific problems.
2. Must take all the evidences about the problem with the
author’s experiences.
3. As much as possible, get the latest published materials.
Avoid old published materials.
4. It must be related to your topic. If not, do not get it.
5. On the last part of this part you must have a statement
how this old published material helps the researcher in
their current study and relate it to your study
Related Studies
In this part you must get your data and information from
unpublished material such as previous or old study,
research or thesis. In some format, you must label your
unpublished material with local or foreign.
1. This should be organized to cover the specific problems.
2. You must take note all of the evidences that the previous
researcher came up.
3. The unpublished material should not be older than 5
years if possible.
4. It must be related to your topic. If not, do not get it.
5. On the last part of this part you must have a statement
how this old unpublished material helps the researcher
in their current study and relate it to your study.
Theoretical and Conceptual
Framework
A theoretical framework are theories that support and
set parameters of study; provides a framework for
examining the problem and for linking it to relevant
literature.
A conceptual framework elaborates the research problem
in relation to relevant literature. This section may
summarize the major (dependent and independent)
variables in your research. The framework may be
summarized in a schematic diagram that presents the
major variables and their hypothesized relationships. It
should also cover the following:
 Existing research and its relevance for your topic
 Key ideas or constructs in your approach
 Identify and discuss the variables related to the problem.
 Conceptualized relationships between variables•
Independent variables (presumed cause)
 Dependent variables (presumed effect)
 Intervening variables (other variables that influence the
effect of the independent variable)
Conceptual Framework Examples
Statement of the Problem and
Hypothesis
 The problem must be reflected to your title or the
readers must know your problem by just simply
reading your topic.
 The problem must not be answerable by yes or no and
must be arranged in the flow of your documentation
or study.
 To be derived from the purpose and framework and
provides specific direction for data analysis and
interpretation.
Significance of the Study
 The significance of the study will mainly focus on the
question “Who will benefit from the study?”.
 This section will state the contribution of your study
and the usefulness of your study in the society.
Scope and Delimitation
 The scope is mainly the coverage of your study and the
Delimitation is the limitation of your study or topic.
Definition of Terms
 The definition of terms must be arranged in
alphabetically. It must be also stated if you used your
definition of terms in technically or operationally
CHAPTER II
Method
Research Design
 The general strategy for conducting the study.
 The appropriate research design should be specified
and described.
Respondents of the Study
 Respondents or Subjects (description and sampling
techniques) with Ethical consideration: inclusion and
exclusion criteria and informed consent form.
Research Environment/Locale
 This is where the study will be conducted.
Research Instrument
 Describe the instrument and what it will measure.
 State qualifications of informants if used in the study.
 Construction,validation; testing of reliability;
measurement methods).
Data Gathering Procedure
 Describe how instrument will be administered.
 The procedure by which data will be collected. Who
will collect it.
Data Analysis
 The statistical analysis technique which will be used;
tools for interpretation of data.
 CHAPTER III
Results and Discussions
Presentation of Data
 Present the findings of the study in the order of the
specific problem as stated in the statement of the
problem.
 Present the data in these forms: – Tabular – Textual –
Graphical (optional)
Analysis of Data
 Data may be analyzed quantitatively or qualitatively
depending on the level of measurement and the
number of dimensions and variables of the study.
 Analyze in depth to give meaning to the data
presented in the data presented in the table. Avoid
table reading.
 State statistical descriptions in declarative sentences,
e.g. in the studies involving:
Interpretation of Data
 Establish interconnection between and among data
 Check for indicators whether hypothesis/es is/are
supported or not by findings.
 Link the present findings with the previous literature.
 Use parallel observations with contemporary events to
give credence presented in the introduction.
 CHAPTER V
Summary of Findings, Conclusions,
Recommendations
Summary of Findings
 This describes the problem, research design, and the
findings (answer to the questions raised). The
recommended format is the paragraph form instead of
the enumeration form.
 For each of the problems, present: – The salient
findings, – The results of the hypothesis tested
Conclusions
 These are brief, generalized statements in answer to the
general and each of the specific sub-problems.
 These contain generalized in relation to the population.
These are general inferences applicable to a wider and
similar population.
 Flexibility is considered in making of conclusions. It is not
a must to state conclusions on a one-to-one
correspondence with the problems and the findings as all
variables can be subsume in one paragraph.
 Conclusions may be used as generalizations from a micro
to a macro-level or vice versa (ZOOM LENS approach).
Recommendations
 They should be based on the findings and conclusion
of the study.
 Recommendations may be specific or general or both.
They may include suggestions for further studies.
 They should be in non-technical language.
 They should be feasible, workable, flexible, doable,
adaptable.
References
 Accurate list of all the books, journals, articles, reports,
and other media referred to in the study should be
included..
Appendices
 Provide actual or authenticated copy of the documents
produced in the conduct of the study.
 These are arranged chronologically as they appear in
the study.
Curriculum Vitae
 One page personal profile of the researcher with
accompanying 2x2 colored photo.
Schedule of Oral Presentation
 Title Defense : Jul 8-12, 2019
 Pre-Defense: August : August 5-9, 2019
 Final Defense: October 7-11, 2019