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Membrane Structure

Membrane structures use tensioned thin materials like fabric or plastic sheets supported by air pressure or cables. There are three main types: pneumatic structures use compressed air pressure to support lightweight membranes; tensile structures carry only tension with membrane roofs spanning large distances; and cable domes form vaulted shapes through tension in diagonal cables between compression rings. Examples of each include air-supported domes like the Metrodome, the fabric roof of Denver Airport resembling Rocky Mountains, and the cable-supported Olympic gymnasium domes.

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2K views28 pages

Membrane Structure

Membrane structures use tensioned thin materials like fabric or plastic sheets supported by air pressure or cables. There are three main types: pneumatic structures use compressed air pressure to support lightweight membranes; tensile structures carry only tension with membrane roofs spanning large distances; and cable domes form vaulted shapes through tension in diagonal cables between compression rings. Examples of each include air-supported domes like the Metrodome, the fabric roof of Denver Airport resembling Rocky Mountains, and the cable-supported Olympic gymnasium domes.

Uploaded by

Louie Jean
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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MEMBRANE STRUCTURE

Membrane structures are spatial


structures made out of tensioned
membranes. The structural use of
membranes can be divided
into PNEUMATIC STRUCTURE, TENCIL
STRUCTURE, and CABLE DOMES. In
these three kinds of structure,
membranes work together with
cables, columns and other
construction members to find a
form.
Pneumatic Structure
Membrane structure that is stabilized
by the pressure of compressed air. Air-
supported structures are supported by
internal air pressure. A network of cables
stiffens the fabric, and the assembly is
supported by a rigid ring at the edge. The
air pressure within this bubble is increased
slightly above normal atmospheric pressure
and maintained by compressors or fans. Air
locks are required at entrances to prevent
loss of internal air pressure.
PRINCIPLE
OF PNEUMATIC STRUCTURE
oUse of relatively thin membrane
supported by pressure difference.

oDead weight increases by increasing


the internal pressure and the
membrane is stressed so that no
asymmetrical loading occurs.

oMembrane can support both tension


and compression and thus withstand
bending movement
GENERAL CHARACTERISTIC
OF PNEUMATIC STRUCTURE
LIGHT WEIGHT
Weight compared to area is less.
Low air pressure is required to balance it.

SPAN
There is no theoretical maximum span.
To span a distance of 36 km for a normal
building is hard while such spans are quite
possible for pneumatics.
ECONOMY
Not expensive in case of temporary
structures.

SAFETY
More safer but proper care should be taken.
They are fire resistance structures.
CONSTRUCTION AND DISMANTLING
Suitable for temporary constructions.
1 sq. Km area can be brought down in 6
hours and can be establish in less than 10
hours.

NATURAL LIGHTING
Around 50% - 80% of sunlight can be
obtained.
MATERIALS
OF PNEUMATIC STRUCTURE
FIBERGLASS POLYESTER ETFE

NYLON STEEL CABLES BALLASTS


ADVANTAGES
•Light weight
•Covers large spans without internal
supports
•Rapid assembly and have low initial and
operating cost.
•Portability
DISADVANTAGES
•Need for continuous maintenance of
excess pressure in the envelope.
•Relatively short service life.
•Continuous operation of fans to maintain
pressure.
Cannot reach the insulation values of
hard-walled structures.
Minnesota Metrodome
Syracuse Carrier Dome
Tensile Structure
A tensile structure is
a construction of elements carrying
only tension and no compression or bending.
The term tensile should not be confused
with tensegrity , which is a structural form
with both tension and compression
elements. Tensile structures are the most
common type of thin-shell structures.

A tensile membrane structure is most often


used as a roof, as they can economically and
attractively span large distances.
MATERIALS
OF TENCIL STRUCTURE
EXTERIOR
•PVC (Poly Vinyl Chloride) coated
polyester cloth
•PTFE ( Poly Tetra Fluro Ethlene )
(Teflon) coated glass cloth.
INTERIOR
•Cottons are most economical and are
available wide range of colors. Due to
their susceptibility to staining and
shrinkage they are ideally suited for short
term use or where a softer and more
natural texture is required.
INTERIOR
•Silicon coated glass cloth is being used for
its high fire resistance and low relative
fore toxicity but tends to attract dirt.
•Pure glass meshes can be used in
exhibition halls when fire standards are
very stringent. Some ceiling systems
demand open meshes that allow water
sprinkler systems to operate through
them.
Created as an
exhibition
mark the
space
2000
to The Millennium
millennium, the dome
has a floor plan
Dome
diameter of 365m, one
meter for each day of
the year and the
structure is supported
by 12 masts,
representing the
months of the year.
Time is an important
reference in this
structure as it is built
at Greenwich.
Completed in 1994 and is
the World’s third largest
airport. The Teflon
coated fiberglass roof of
the airport is designed to
resemble the peeks of
the Roch=ky Mountains in
winter, capped with
snow. The tensile
structure has stood the
test of time and the
structure hasn’t
completely failed under
the extreme weather
conditions that it
experiences.
Denver International Airport
CABLE DOMES
The cable dome was first proposed
by Geiger and first employed in the
roofs for the Olympic Gymnastics Hall
and the Fencing Hall in Seoul (Geiger,
1986). Due to their innovative forms
and lightweight, cable domes have
become popular as roofs for structures
including arenas, stadiums and sport
centers over the past two decades.
MATERIALS
OF CABLE DOMES

A typical cable dome consists of ridge cables,


diagonal cables, hoop cables, vertical struts, an
inner tension ring and an outer compression ring.
To ensure the structural feasibility, continuous
cables are often subjected to tension and individual
struts subjected to compression. The rigidity of the
dome is a result of self-stress equilibrium between
cables and struts.
Example Structures

La Plata Stadium
in Argentina Tao-Yuan County
Arena in Taiwan

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