Presented by Aditya Shah

Bluetooth
 What is bluetooth?
 Introduction
 Overview
 Specifications & Layers
 Profiles
 Ad-hoc networking
 Qualification
 Products & Future Usage
What is bluetooth?
 Bluetooth wireless technology is an
open specification for a low-cost,
low-power, short-range radio
technology for ad-hoc wireless
communication of voice and data
anywhere in the world.
Intoduction
 1994 Ericsson gets interested in wireless
connections from mobile telephones to
other devices like PDAs and accessories like
Headsets
 Forming the SIG (SpecialInterestGroup)
with 4 other members (IBM, Intel, Nokia,
Toshiba) in order to develop a wireless
standard for communication between
mobile devices
Introdution
 Today over 2000 members
 2 main priorities:
 Cheap
 Lower energy consumption
 IEEE 802.15 committee standardizes
the physical and link layer
 SIG still enhances Bluetooth
 two versions in future possible
(SIG vs IEEE)
Overview
 Originally conceived as a cable
replacement technology
 Other usage models began to develop:
 Personal Area Network (PAN)
 Ad-hoc networks
 Data/voice access points
 Wireless telematics
Overview
 Advantages
 Bluetooth: interoperable
 IrDA: line of sight needed, point-to-point
 WLAN: higher power consumption
 Disadvantages
 Bluetooth: only up to 1 Mbps
 IrDA: much cheaper, faster (up to 16 Mbps)
 WLAN: faster (up to 11 Mbps)
WLAN and Bluetooth interfere each other
(both are using the ISM band)
Specifications & Layers
 specification protocol stack
Layers
 Bluetooth Radio
 Baseband
 LMP (Link Manager Protocol)
 HCI (Host Controller Interface)
 L2CAP (Logical Link Control and Adaptation
Protocol)
 RFCOMM (Radio Frequency Communication)
 SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)
Bluetooth Radio
 the lowest defined layer of the
Bluetooth specification
 operating in the 2,4 GHz ISM Band
 accomplishes spectrum spreading by
frequency hopping (FHSS) from 2.402
GHz to 2.480 GHz
Bluetooth Radio
 3 different power classes
 Power Class1: long range (100m,100mW)
 Power Class2: mid range (10m,1-2,5mW)
 Power Class3: short range (0.1-10m,1mW)
 signal strength adjustment
Baseband
 the physical layer of the Bluetooth that
provides
 Error correction
 Flow control
 Hopping sequence
 Security
 hopping through 79 channels
 data is divided in packets
 access code: e.g. timing synchronization
 header: e.g. packet numbering, flow control,
slave address
 payload: voice, data or both
Baseband
 Connection Modes

describes the set of rules by which all bluetooth

devices must abide in order to establish a link a
communicate with one another

 STANDBY : not connected in a piconet

 ACTIVE : active participation on the channel
 Power Saving Modes
 SNIFF : slave listens to the channel at a reduced rate
(decreasing of duty cycle ) least power efficient
 HOLD : data transfer is held for a specific time period,
medium power efficient
 PARK : synchronized to the piconet but does not
participate in traffic
Baseband
 Security Modes
 non-secure
 encryption enforced by application layer
 encryption enforced by link layer

 For devices
 trusted device
 untrusted device
 For services
 require authorization and authentication
 require authentication
 open to all devices
Audio
 two codecs: PCM and CVSD
 both at 64kbit/s
 synchronous connection oriented(SCO)
links
 time-critical
 no retransmission
 errors appear as background noise
LMP (Link Manager Protocol)
 provides authentication, link setup
and link configuration including power
surveillance
 takes place as a service provider
 communication with LM PDUs
(protocol data units)
HCI (Host Controller Interface)
 provides a command interface to baseband
controller and link manager
 also to hardware status, control and event
register
 Bluetooth defined Host Controller Transport
Layers:
 UART (HCI over serial interface)
 RS232(HCI over serial interface)
 USB(HCI over USB interface e.g. USB dongle)
L2CAP (Logical Link Control and
Adaptation Protocol)
 provides a connection-oriented and
connectionless service to upper layer
 protocols with quality-of-service functions
using multiplexing, segmentation and
reassembly
 two link types defined in Baseband layer:
 1. SCO (synchronous connection-oriented)
 2. ACL (asynchronous connection-less)

BUT ONLY ACL is supported by L2CAP

(SCO not planned)
RFCOMM (Radio Frequency
Communication)
 Provides emulation of serial ports
 Supports up to 60 simultaneous
connections
 Differentiates between two device types:
 Type 1: communication end points (e.g. printer
or headsets)
 Type 2: devices which are part of
communication (e.g. modems)
 But in the protocol itself no distinction is
made, some information is for type 1 other
for type 2
SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)
 discovers which services are available
 identifies the characteristics of the
services
 uses a request/response model where each
transaction consists of one request protocol
data unit (PDU) and one response PDU
 SDP is used with L2CAP
 is optimized for the dynamic nature of
bluetooth
 SDP does not define methods for accessing
services
SDP (Service Discovery Protocol)
Profiles
 how bluetooth is used
 describe how implementations for a
specific use must be written
 defines options in each protocol
 defines parameter ranges
 profiles are used to solve
interoperability problems between
different manufacturers’ products
Profiles
Ad-hoc-networking
 piconet
 decentral, one master up to 7 slaves
 up to 255 parked slaves
 point to point or point to multipoint conn
 unique bluetooth device address
 scatternet
 overlapping of two piconets, up to 10
 different hopping sequences
 peer to peer (P2P) network
Ad-hoc-networking
 a: piconet with
a single slave

 b: piconet with
a multi slave

 c: scatternet
Qualification
 aims interoperability between all
bletooth devices
 no license fees
 bluetooth devices must support same
profiles
 bluetooth logo guarantees
interoperability
Qualification
 no line of sight required
 you can use it everywhere
 bluetooth chip
 integrated
 power management
 not really cheap
 Automatic ad-hoc networking
(invisible)
e.g.automaticdata synchronisation
Products
 Notebook PCs &  CD Player
desktop computers  TV/VCR/DVD
 Printers  Telephone Answering
 PDAs Devices
 Other handheld  Cordless Phones
devices  Cars
 Cell phones
 Wireless periperals:
 Headsets
 Cameras
 Access Points
Products
 2004 Toyota Prius
– hands free calls
 Toshiba Washer &
Dryer – downloads
the washer/dryer
software for new
clothes!
 Nokia N-gage
 Digital Pulse
Oximetry System
Future Usage
 Home Automation
 Home Entertainment/Games
 Electronic Commerce/M-Commerce
 Industrial Control
 Surveillance
 Access Control
 Location Based Services
 Current Trials: Shopping Malls, Train
Stations
Thats All !

Thanks for listening...