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History of Iron and Steel

The document traces the history of iron and steel production from 1400 BC to the present day. Some key developments include: - Iron first being processed from meteorites in Asia Minor around 1400 BC and used to make weapons. - The Bessemer process in 1855 enabling the first inexpensive mass production of steel from molten pig iron. - Major growth and nationalization of steel production in the 20th century to meet demands for military equipment. - Modern developments like electric arc furnaces in the 1950s allowing efficient recycling of scrap steel, and continuous casting improving steel quality.

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Hens Christian Fuentes
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258 views27 pages

History of Iron and Steel

The document traces the history of iron and steel production from 1400 BC to the present day. Some key developments include: - Iron first being processed from meteorites in Asia Minor around 1400 BC and used to make weapons. - The Bessemer process in 1855 enabling the first inexpensive mass production of steel from molten pig iron. - Major growth and nationalization of steel production in the 20th century to meet demands for military equipment. - Modern developments like electric arc furnaces in the 1950s allowing efficient recycling of scrap steel, and continuous casting improving steel quality.

Uploaded by

Hens Christian Fuentes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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HISTORY OF

IRON AND STEEL


1400 BC

IRON FELL TO EARTH FROM


THE SKY.
IN ASIA MINOR, IRON WHICH
CAME FROM THE
METEORITES WAS
PROCESSED BY HUMAN FOR
THE FIRST TIME.
THE HITTITES MADE USE OF THE
DISCOVERY TO INCREASE THEIR
DEFENSIVE POTENTIAL

THE FIRST IRON WAS USED TO


MANUFACTURE WEAPONS
1200 BC

SYRIA WAS THE BIRTHPLACE OF


MAN-MADE IRON.

THE ARMORERS MELTED THE


MATERIAL FROM ORES FOR THE
MANUFACTURE OF POWERFUL
WEAPONS
WHOEVER HAD IRON HAD THE
POWER
1000 BC

THE ILLYRIANS MADE


AGRICULTURAL
TOOLS FROM IT.

THE BEGINNINGS OF
IRON AGE
800 BC

IRON BECOME ACCEPTABLE: IT HAD


BEGUN TO BE USED AS JEWELRY AND
THEREFORE BECOME A STATUS SYMBOL

THE USE OF IRON IN THE TECHNOLOGY


OF WAR WAS FURTHERED DEVELOPED
13TH CENTURY BC
INVENTION OF STEEL - IRON AND CHARCOAL 
COME TOGETHER

IRON BECAME HARDER AND STRONGER WHEN


LEFT IN CHARCOAL FURNACES
ROMAN ERA
DRESSED FOR COMBAT

ANCIENT ARMIES QUICKLY


LEARNED THE LIFE-SAVING
PROPERTIES OF STEEL’S
DURABILITY AND HARDNESS
3RD CENTURY AD
CHINA: IN THEIR HANDS

CHINA MUST IN ALL LIKELIHOOD TAKE CREDIT


FOR BEING THE FIRST PIONEERS OF “MASS
PRODUCED” HIGH QUALITY STEEL.
11TH CENTURY
DAMASCUS STEEL DEVELOPED IN MIDDLE
EAST

DAMASCUS STEEL WAS A TERM USED IN


WESTERN CULTURE FROM THE MEDIEVAL
PERIOD ONWARD TO DESCRIBE A TYPE OF
STEEL CREATED IN INDIA AND USED IN SWORD
MAKING FROM AROUND 300 BC TO 1700 AD.
1709
COKE ON THE GO

COKE IS FIRST USED TO SMELT IRON ORE - WOOD AND


CHARCOAL, WHICH WERE BECOMING HARDER TO
OBTAIN, ARE GRADUALLY REPLACED.
EUROPE’S INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION GAINS
MOMENTUM, CREATING HEAVY-DUTY APPLICATIONS,
WITH A SUBSTANCE AS STRONG AND FLEXIBLE AS
STEEL NEEDED TO WITHSTAND THE PRESSURE AND
FORCE OF STEAM-DRIVEN ENGINES.
1712
STEAM ON THE MOVE

ENGLISH IRONMONGER
THOMAS NEWCOMEN BUILDS
FIRST COMMERCIALLY
SUCCESSFUL STEAM ENGINE -
STEAM AND STEEL COMBINED
ARE INCREASINGLY THE KEY
DRIVERS OF THE INDUSTRIAL
REVOLUTION.
1769
NEWCOMEN DEVICE

SCOTTISH INVENTOR
JAMES WATT PERFECTS
NEWCOMEN DEVICE AND
PATENTS FIRST EFFICIENT
STEAM ENGINE.
1783
INVENTION OF THE
STEEL ROLLER

ENGLISHMAN HENRY
CORT INVENTS THE
STEEL ROLLER FOR
STEEL PRODUCTION.
1794
BALL BEARING

BALL BEARING IS A TYPE


OF ROLLING-ELEMENT
BEARING THAT USES
BALLS TO MAINTAIN THE
SEPARATION BETWEEN
THE BEARING RACES.
1855
BESSEMER BEGINS

THE BESSEMER PROCESS WAS THE FIRST


INEXPENSIVE INDUSTRIAL PROCESS FOR THE
MASS-PRODUCTION OF STEEL FROM MOLTEN
PIG IRON.
1865
REGENERATION

COMBINED WITH EARLIER STEEL-MAKING


TECHNOLOGY SUCH AS THE BESSEMER
PROCESS, THE OPEN HEARTH FURNACE
ENSURED THAT THE PRODUCTION OF STEEL
INCREASED HUGELY
1873
INVENTION OF
BARBED WIRE

BARBED WIRE WAS THE


FIRST WIRE
TECHNOLOGY CAPABLE
OF RESTRAINING
CATTLE
1901
20TH CENTURY GLOBAL
EXPANSION

DURING THE 20TH CENTURY, THERE


WAS SIGNIFICANT GROWTH AND
NATIONALISATION OF STEEL
PRODUCTION DUE TO THE DEMANDS
FOR MILITARY EQUIPMENT.
1912
STEEL GOES STAINLESS

STAINLESS STEEL
BROUGHT HUGE
BENEFITS BOTH TO
INDUSTRY AND FAMILIES
1950S-60S
THE STEEL AGE BEGINS

BY THE DAWN OF 20TH CENTURY,


STEELMAKING WAS A MAJOR INDUSTRY
AND SCIENCE WAS INCREASINGLY
UNLOCKING THE MYSTERIES OF STEEL
1950S
ELECTRIC ARC FURNACE
(EAF) DEVELOPS

THE EAF INNOVATION


ENABLED SCRAP STEEL TO BE
EFFICIENTLY AND
ECONOMICALLY RECYCLED.
1950S
CONTINUOUS CASTING PROCESS

THE MORE RAPID SOLIDIFICATION


DURING THE CONTINUOUS CASTING
PROCESS LEADS TO INCREASED
HOMOGENEITY AND BETTER QUALITY
OF THE METAL.
1967
THE WORLD STEEL ASSOCIATION

IS SET UP FIRST AS THE INTERNATIONAL


IRON & STEEL INSTITUTE (IISI) TO
PROMOTE STEEL AND ITS INDUSTRY TO
POTENTIAL CUSTOMER, THE MEDIA
AND THE PUBLIC
1990S
AN INDUSTRY ON THE MOVE

THE STEEL INDUSTRY HAS SEEN


ITS FOCUS SHIFT TOWARDS THE
EMERGING ECONOMIES, AS
THESE REQUIRE A HUGE
AMOUNT OF STEEL FOR
URBANIZATION AND
INDUSTRIALIZATION
2000S
ARCELORMITTAL ARRIVES

ARCELORMITTAL IS FIRST GLOBAL STEEL


COMPANY IN 2006 FROM THE TAKEOVER
AND MERGER OF ARCELOR BY MITTAL
STEEL; AT THE TIME OF ITS CREATION, IT
WAS THE WORLD'S LARGEST STEEL
PRODUCER.
END!!!

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