Scribd
Upload
50 views21 pages

Brain Structure and Function

lòl

Uploaded by

Laura Rossi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
50 views21 pages

Brain Structure and Function

lòl

Uploaded by

Laura Rossi
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

Brain Structure

and Function
Overview

 Lobes of the brain (Forebrain)


 Midbrain/Hindbrain
 Protection and Blood supply
 Structure and Function of a neuron
 Synaptic Transmission
 Neurotransmitters
The brain

 Most complex
organ of the body
 Only weighs 1,300
grams
 Contains billions of
neural networks
that interact to
create human
behaviour
Forebrain
 Cerebrum and Cerebral cortex
 Left and Right Hemispheres
 Left hemisphere for most people is the
dominant hemisphere- responsible for
production of language, mathematical
ability, problem solving, logic
 Right hemisphere thought to be
responsible for creativity and spatial
ability
The lobes of the cerebral hemispheres

Planning, decision Sensory


making speech

Vision
Auditory
The Cerebral Cortex
 Frontal Lobes
– involved in speaking and
muscle movements and in
making plans and judgments
– the “executive”
 Parietal Lobes
– include the sensory cortex
The Cerebral Cortex
 Occipital Lobes
– include the visual areas, which
receive visual information from the
opposite visual field
 Temporal Lobes
– include the auditory areas, each of
which receives auditory information
primarily from the opposite ear
The Cerebral Cortex

 Frontal (Forehead to top)  Motor Cortex


 Parietal (Top to rear)  Sensory Cortex
 Occipital (Back)  Visual Cortex
 Temporal (Above ears)  Auditory Cortex
Motor/Sensory Cortex

 Contralateral
 Homunculus
 Unequal
representation
Sensory Areas – Sensory
Homunculus

Figure 13.10
The Cerebral Cortex
 Aphasia
 impairment of language, usually caused by left
hemisphere damage either to Broca’s area
(impairing speaking) or to Wernicke’s area
(impairing understanding) –see clips
 Broca’s Area
 an area of the left frontal lobe that directs the
muscle movements involved in speech
 Wernicke’s Area
 an area of the left temporal lobe involved in
language comprehension and expression
Language Areas

 Broca 
Expression
 Wernicke 
Comprehension
and reception
 Aphasias
LEFT HEMISPHERE
Paul Broca [1800s]

• Suggested localization
Techniques to examine functions
of the brain

1. Remove part of
the brain & see
what effect it has
on behavior

2. Examine humans
who have suffered
brain damage
Diencephalon
 Thalamus- filters sensory
information, controls
mood states and body
movement associated
with emotive states
 Hypothalamus- ‘Central
control’ for pituitary
gland. Regulates
autonomic, emotional,
endocrine and somatic
function. Has a direct
involvement in stress and (http://training.seer.cancer.gov/mod
mood states. ule_anatomy/unit5_3_nerve_org1_c
ns.html)
Hindbrain

 Cerebellum- regulates equilibrium,


muscle tone, postural control, fine
movement and coordination of voluntary
muscle movement.
 Pons- Relay station between cerebrum
and cerebellum
(http://training.seer.cancer.gov/module_anatomy/unit6_3_endo_glnds1_pituitary.html )
 Medulla oblongata- Conscious control of
skeletal muscles, balance, co-ordination
regulating sound impulses in the inner ear,
regulation of automatic responses such as
heart rate, swallowing, vomiting, coughing
and sneezing
 Reticular Formation- Important in arousal
and maintaining consciousness, alertness
attention and Reticular Activating System
which controls all cyclic functions i.e.
respiration, circadian rhythm.
 Basal Ganglia- Control
of muscle tone,
activity, posture, large
muscle movements
and inhibit unwanted
muscle movements.

 Substatia Nigra-
Produces dopamine is
connected to the basal
ganglia. – EPSE’s
(Barlow and Durand , 2005)
The Limbic system
 Amygdala- mediates
and controls major
affective mood states
such as friendship ,
love, affection, fear,
rage and aggression.
 Hippocampus-
Memory, particularly
the ability to turn short
term memory into long
term memory.
Alzheimer's disease. (Barlow and Durand , 2005)

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy