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Runoff, Hydrographs, Floods, Flood Routing

This document discusses key concepts related to surface water hydrology including: 1) Surface runoff occurs when excess stormwater or meltwater flows over the surface of the earth. 2) The runoff coefficient represents the percentage of precipitation that appears as runoff, ranging from 0 to 1. 3) Hydrographs are graphs that show the rate of water flow over time at a specific point and are used in storm sewer design. 4) Floods occur when river levels rise above bank levels, inundating surrounding areas. Flood routing is used to determine flood levels downstream using data from upstream locations.

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Joann Rio Rollorata
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34 views21 pages

Runoff, Hydrographs, Floods, Flood Routing

This document discusses key concepts related to surface water hydrology including: 1) Surface runoff occurs when excess stormwater or meltwater flows over the surface of the earth. 2) The runoff coefficient represents the percentage of precipitation that appears as runoff, ranging from 0 to 1. 3) Hydrographs are graphs that show the rate of water flow over time at a specific point and are used in storm sewer design. 4) Floods occur when river levels rise above bank levels, inundating surrounding areas. Flood routing is used to determine flood levels downstream using data from upstream locations.

Uploaded by

Joann Rio Rollorata
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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RUNOFF,

HYDROGRAPHS,
FLOODS,
FLOOD ROUTING
SURFACE RUNOFF
What is surface runoff?

Surface runoff (also


known as overland flow)
is the flow of water that
occurs when excess
storm water, melt water,
or other sources flows
over the Earth's surface.
What is runoff
coefficient?

The percentage of precipitation that appears as runoff.


The value of the coefficient is determined on the basis of
climatic conditions and physiographic characteristics of
the drainage area and is expressed as a constant
between zero and one. Symbol: C.
Rational Method
Equation
Example Calculation

Consider a section of a downtown business area of 35,400 square feet


that drains to a particular storm water inlet. The runoff coefficient for this
drainage area has been estimated to be 0.85. Based on a specified design
return period and the time of concentration of the drainage area, the
design storm intensity has been determined to be 5.1 in/hr. What is the
peak runoff rate from this area to be used for design of the storm water
inlet?

Solution: q = CiA = (0.85)(5.1)(35,400/43,560) cfs = 3.52 cfs.


HYDROGRAPHS
What is hydrograph?

is a graph showing the rate of flow (discharge) versus time


past a specific point in a river, or other channel or conduit
carrying flow.

It can also refer to a graph showing the volume of water


reaching a particular outfall.

graphs are commonly used in the design of sewerage, more


specifically, the design of surface water sewerage systems
and combined sewers.
Components of
Hydrograph
Rising limb
Recession (or falling) limb
Peak discharge
Lag time
Time to peak
Discharge
Factors to consider when
explaining a hydrography:
FLOODS
What is a flood?

A flood is an unusually high stage in a river – normally the


level at which the river overflows its banks and inundates
the adjoining area.
FLOOD ROUTING
What is flood routing?

Flood routing is the technique of determining


the flood hydrograph at a section of a river by
utilizing the data of flood flow at one or more
upstream sections.
Why is flood routing
important?

Reservoir Management

Environmental Stewardship

Flood Preparation and Response

Agriculture

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