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Swapna PLC

This document discusses computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It provides an introduction to CNC, a brief history, the key elements and block diagram of a CNC machine, how CNC machines work, their controls and modes of operation. The advantages and disadvantages of CNC as well as common applications are outlined. In conclusion, CNC machines automate manufacturing processes, improving efficiency and consistency while reducing labor.

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Swapna Gurrala
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91 views22 pages

Swapna PLC

This document discusses computer numerical control (CNC) machines. It provides an introduction to CNC, a brief history, the key elements and block diagram of a CNC machine, how CNC machines work, their controls and modes of operation. The advantages and disadvantages of CNC as well as common applications are outlined. In conclusion, CNC machines automate manufacturing processes, improving efficiency and consistency while reducing labor.

Uploaded by

Swapna Gurrala
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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PRESENTED BY

G.SWAPNA
16761A1020
 About PLC
 Introduction of CNC
 History of CNC
 Elements of CNC
 Block diagram of CNC
 Working of CNC
 Controls
 Modes of operation
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Applications
 Conclusion
 A numerical control system in which data handling, control
sequences, and response to input is determined by an on-
board computer system at the machine tool.
 The CNC machines was first introduced in 1950s by
prof. Jhon T parson.
 First CNC was built at Masschusetts institute of
technology in 1953.
 Modern CNC machine are improving further as the
technology is changing with a variety of functions
according to applications.
 Input device
 Machine control unit
 Machine tool
 Driving system
 Feedback devices
 Display unit
 Floppy disk
 USB flash drive
 Serial communication etc

MACHINE CONTROL UNIT:


 Data processing unit(DPU)
 Control loop unit
 DC motor
 Stepper motor

FEEDBACK DEVICES:
 Positional feedback devices
linear transducer
rotary encoder
 Velocity feedback device
 Show position of machine slide, part programmes etc.
 Can also show graphics simulation of tool path so that part
programmes may be verified.
 Controlled by G and M coders.
 These are number values and co-ordinates.
 Each number or code is assigned to a particular operation.
 Typed in manually to CAD by machine operators.
 G & M codes are automatically generated by the
computer software.
 In open loop systems the slide may overshoot or may
not reach desired position because of inertia , wear
and tear and friction , hence inaccurate machining.
 In closed loop systems the position sensors are used
to correct slide movements and achieve higher
accuracy and repeatability .
 Manual mode
 Manual data input mode
 Automatic mode
 Input and output mode
 Movement of machine slide carried out manually by pressing
particular jog button (+or-)
 Axis is selected through axis selector switch
 Machine slide movement may also be achieved by using a
hand wheel

MANUAL DATA INPUT MODE :


 Part programs are fed manually for each movementof machine
tool by the operator.
 The part program is executed continuously
 While one block is being executed, next block is read by the
system and kept ready for execution.

INPUT AND OUTPUT MODE:


 The part of the programs and machine information like
machine setup data can be loaded into and unloaded from
memory of the system or floppy disks, USB flash drivers etc.
 The tool or material moves automatically.
 Tools can operate in 1-5axes.
 Large machines have a machine control unit which manages
operations.
 Movement is controlled by motors (actuators),

 Feedback is provided by sensors (transducers)


 Tools can be changed automatically.
 Increased productivity
 Consistent quality

 Automatic material handling

 High accuracy

 Reliable operation reduced manpower

 Increased operation safety


 High machine cost
 Complicated maintenance

 High tooling cost

 Temperature, humidity& dust must be controlled.


 Cutting
 Drilling

 Milling

 Welding

 Boring

 Bending

 Spinning

 Pinning

 Gluing

 Routing
 The advantages of a CNC system are that the operation of a
conventional machine is removed the part production is made
automatic .
 It reduces the labour work and hence highly efficient in the
manufacturing process.
 For manufacturing works of large scale it is very difficult to
work with manual machines as they are time consuming. CNC
machines have their wide scope because they are easy to
handle, the work becomes easier and jobs are done with
perfection.

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