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Constructor & Destructor: P Vasuki

Constructor and destructor are special member functions in C++. Constructors initialize objects and are called when objects are created. Destructors destroy objects and are called when objects go out of scope. There are default, parameterized, and copy constructors. Copy constructors initialize one object using another object of the same class. Destructors free any resources acquired by objects, such as memory allocated by pointers.

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59 views12 pages

Constructor & Destructor: P Vasuki

Constructor and destructor are special member functions in C++. Constructors initialize objects and are called when objects are created. Destructors destroy objects and are called when objects go out of scope. There are default, parameterized, and copy constructors. Copy constructors initialize one object using another object of the same class. Destructors free any resources acquired by objects, such as memory allocated by pointers.

Uploaded by

sudhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Constructor & Destructor

P VASUKI
CONSTRUCTOR
• It is a member function which initializes a
class.
• It is invoked when during object
instantiation
• A constructor has:
(i) the same name as the class itself
(ii) no return type
• If constructor is not defined in the
program the compiler creates default
constructor
CONSTRUCTOR
Class point
{
int x;
int y;
point() //constructor
{
x = 0;
y = 0;
}
Types of Constructor

• Default /constructor
–Ex: point()// Doesn’t take any
parameter
–Invoked as point p;
• Parameterized constructor
• Copy Constructor
Parametrized Constructor
A class can have many parameterized constructor
• Compiler choose appropriate match during
compilation process)
• Generally used to initialize data members with
the values passed as parameters
– point(int a, int b){ x= a; y=b)
– point(int w){ x=y= w}
– Point(float i, float j) (x = (int) j; y = floor(j)
}
– point (int m =3)
• No two constructor should match in signature
– Point(x=y=0) point(int p=3){x=y=p} is not
allowed
Copy Constructor
• It is a member function which initializes an
object using another object of the same class.
• A copy constructor has the following general
function prototype: class_name
(const class_name&);
• If copy constructor is not defined, the constructor
generates copy constructor and got invoked when
= operator is invoked.
• The compiler generated copy constructor works
perfect except initializing the pointer member
variable.
Need for Copy Constructor
• class string
{ private:
char *s;
int size;
public:
string(char *); // constructor
print();
void copy(char *);
};
Need for Copy Constructor -
contd
void string::print()
{ cout << s << endl; }
void string::copy(char *c)
{ strcpy(s, c); }
Need for Copy Constructor -
contd
void main()
{
string str1("George");
string str2 = str1; // default copy constructor
str1.print(); // what is printed ?
str2.print();
str2.copy("Mary");
str1.print(); // what is printed now ?
str2.print();
}
Copy Constructor - Example
• string::string(const string& old_str)
{
size = old_str.size;
s = new char[size+1];
strcpy(s,old_str.s);
}
Destructor
• It is a member function which deletes an object.
• A destructor function is called automatically
when the object goes out of scope:
(1) the function ends
(2) the program ends
(3) a block containing temp. variables ends
(4) a delete operator is called
• A destructor has:
(i) the same name as the class but is preceded by a tilde (~)
(ii) no arguments and return no values
Destructor
• If explicit destructor is not defined,
compiler generates a default
destructor
• When a class acquires any shared
resource (Example pointer of a
variable got memory allocated), the
destructor has to release
it.(deallocates the memory)

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