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Pararelism: Andini Linarsih, M.A.TESOL

Pararelism refers to using the same grammatical structure to present two or more elements as equivalently important. Elements are joined by coordinating conjunctions like "and", "or", and "but". Pararel structure is used in lists, phrases, clauses, and comparisons using words like "than", "as", "more", and "less". Maintaining pararel structure provides balance and clarity.

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72 views10 pages

Pararelism: Andini Linarsih, M.A.TESOL

Pararelism refers to using the same grammatical structure to present two or more elements as equivalently important. Elements are joined by coordinating conjunctions like "and", "or", and "but". Pararel structure is used in lists, phrases, clauses, and comparisons using words like "than", "as", "more", and "less". Maintaining pararel structure provides balance and clarity.

Uploaded by

irvan ramadhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Pararelism

Andini Linarsih, M.A.TESOL


Pararel Structure

• Using the same pattern of words to show that two


or more ideas have the same level of importance.
PARAREL STRUCTURE

• With elements joined by coordinating


conjunctions, especially and, but, and or.
• Example:
• Thinking and running often accompany one
another as I exercise.
• She likes to like but not to listen.
• I do not like thinking or running .
elements in lists or in a series.
coordinating conjunctions: and, or, but (not), or yet
(not)
• Series of words
She wanted three things: money, power, and security
• Series of infinitive
There was no opportunity to do my taxes, to request an
extension, or to explain my situation
• Series of prepositional phrase
He found cleaning supplies in the closet, under the sink,
but not in the garage.
• Series of clauses
The company does not care about who you are, how
you get there, and why you have come.
• Compare things ‘than’, ‘as’ , ‘more’, ‘less’,
better’, and ‘worse’.
• Example:
• Driving to New York actually takes less time
than flying there.
• Miriams’ ability to come up with projects
far exceeded her resolve to work on them.
• How you live your life is just as important as
how much money you make
Exercise
1. It is harder to tie a slip knot than tying a square knot.
2. We enjoyed water skiing much more than when we swam in the lake.
3. Driving will get you there more quickly than to walk.
4. A big car is not necessarily better than one that is small.
5. Hearing her sing in person was ten times better than if you heard her on
the radio.
6. He felt that being a good listener was just as important as to talk well.
7. Her excuses bothered me more than she was absent.
8. It is better to learn the material slowly than cramming on the night
before the test.
9. What you actually do is a better indication of your true motives than
your words.
10. One is more likely to slip on a banana peel than when an orange peel is
on the floor.
With (n)either / (n)or
• Mary is neither a Democrat nor a Republican.
• We were told to either reduce the staff or find
new customers.
Both .......... And ............
• The show is both enjoyable and educational.
Not only ...... But also
• The author not only wants money but also
wants fame. Or
• The author wants not only money but also
fame.
Proofreading Strategies to Try:

• Skim your paper, pausing at the words "and"


and "or." Check on each side of these words to
see whether the items joined are parallel. If
not, make them parallel.
• If you have several items in a list, put them in a
column to see if they are parallel.
• Listen to the sound of the items in a list or the
items being compared. Do you hear the same
kinds of sounds? For example, is there a series
of "-ing" words beginning each item? Or do you
hear a rhythm being repeated? If something is
breaking that rhythm or repetition of sound,
check to see if it needs to be made parallel.
Exercise
1. Either ask Ben or Marianne to prepare
the agenda for tonight's meeting.
2. The director for special projects not only
visited our regional center in Baltimore but
also our main office in New York.
3. The exercise both toned my muscles and
it helped me to lose weight.
4. At my training session, I was not only
taught how to work the register, but also
how to treat customers courteously.
5. Either work today, or you will have to work tomorrow.
6. My friends are neither anxious to see the items in the
museum nor are they happy about the admission price.
7. She is both happy about the raise and she is nervous
about the extra responsibility.
8. They not only ate all the food in the house but they
also didn't clean up their mess.
9. Bert will meet us either at the restaurant or he will be
at the taxi stand.
10. The doctor promised neither to cause pain during the
procedure nor leave a scar.

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