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(Magneto Optic Current Transducer) : Visit To Download

MOCT uses the Faraday effect to measure electric current. Light passes through an optical sensor near the current-carrying conductor, causing its polarization to rotate an angle proportional to the current. This rotated light is analyzed to produce an output signal. MOCTs provide accurate current measurements with high immunity to interference, wide bandwidth, and compatibility with digital systems. Their optical design has simpler insulation than conventional current transformers.

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100 views23 pages

(Magneto Optic Current Transducer) : Visit To Download

MOCT uses the Faraday effect to measure electric current. Light passes through an optical sensor near the current-carrying conductor, causing its polarization to rotate an angle proportional to the current. This rotated light is analyzed to produce an output signal. MOCTs provide accurate current measurements with high immunity to interference, wide bandwidth, and compatibility with digital systems. Their optical design has simpler insulation than conventional current transformers.

Uploaded by

jijo thomas
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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MOCT

(Magneto Optic
Current
Transducer)
Visit www.seminarlinks.blogspot.com to download
INTRODUCTION
• An accurate electric current transducer is a key component of
any power system instrumentation.
• To measure currents power stations and substations
conventionally employ inductive type current transformers
with core and windings.
• conventional current transformers becomes more and more
bulky and costly .
• The MOCT measures the electric current by means of Faraday
Effect.
• It consist of a sensor head located near the current
carrying conductor, an electronic signal processing unit
and fiber optical cables linking to these two parts .
• The sensor head consist of only optical component ; the
signal is brought down by fiber optical cables to the
signal processing unit therefore the insulation structure
of an MOCT is simpler.
• MOCT provide high immunity to electromagnetic
interferences, wider frequency response, large dynamic
range and low outputs which are compatible with the
inputs of analog to digital converters.
• They are ideal for the interference between power
systems and computer systems.
MOCT -PRINCIPLE
MOCT is based on the Faradays effect - the orientation of
linearly polarized light was rotated under the influence of
the magnetic field when the light propagated in a piece of
glass, and the rotation angle was proportional to the
intensity of the magnetic field .
PRINCIPLE
PRINCIPLE
•  =nVI
‘I ‘is the current to be measured,
‘’ is the permeability of the material,
‘n’ is the number of turns of the optical path.
• The Faraday effect outlined in eqn is a better format to
apply to an MOCT, because the rotation angle in this case
is directly related to the enclosed electric current.
• It rejects the magnetic field signals due to external
currents which are normally quite strong in power system.
• A polarizer is used to convert the randomly polarized
incident light into linearly polarized light.
• The orientation of the linearly polarized light rotates
an angle  after the light has passed through the
magneto-optical material because of Faraday Effect.
• Then another polarization prism is used as an
analyzer, which is 45o oriented with the polarizer, to
convert the orientation variation of the polarized
light into intensity variation of the light with two
outputs, and then these two outputs are send to photo
detectors.
• The purpose of using the analyzer is that photo
detectors can only detect the intensity of light, rather
than the orientation of polarizations.
P1 = (1 + Sin 2 )P0/2
P2 = (1 - Sin 2 )P0/2
P0 : optical power from the light source,
 : the Faraday rotation angle,
P1 and P2 : optical power delivered by the
detectors.
DESIGN
• The optical sensor consists of two separate clamp-on
parts and linearly polarized light is arranged to pass
through the optical glass prism to pickup the Faraday
rotation signal.

• The polarization compensation technique is applied at


each corner of the prisms, so that the light passing
through the prism remains linearly polarized.

• At the other end of the prism, a silver mirror reflects


the light beam so that light beam comes back to its
sending end via the same route while accumulating
the Faraday rotations.
• The rotation angles from the two halves of the sensor
are added up in the signal processing unit so that the
total rotation angle (1+2 ) is the same as the
rotation angle  from the optical path shown in which
is two turns around the conductor.
• It avoids the use of magnetic material to concentrate the
magnetic field .
it is free from the effect of remnant flux, which affect the
accuracy of the current measurement.
MAGNETO-OPTICAL SENSOR
• Almost all transparent material exhibits the magneto-optical effect or
Faraday Effect, but the effect of some of the material is very
temperature dependent, and they are not suitable for the sensing
material.
• MOCT made out of SF-57 materials can achieve higher sensitivity.
• the total internal rotation angle is  1+ 2  2VI
I : current to be measured,
 = 4 x 10-7 H/m
V=7.7 x 102 degrees/Tm at a wavelength of 820nm
• Therefore  = 1.9 degrees/ KA.
• Different optical fibers are designed for different
usage.
• The single mode fiber has very wide bandwidth- is
essential for communication systems, size.
• large multimode fiber is convenient for collecting
maximum amount of light from the light source, it
suffers from the problem of dispersion which limits
its bandwidth.
• In the situation of power system instrumentation,
only moderate frequency response is required and
in MOCT.
• The more optical power received by the detectors
the better signal to noise ratio can be achieved.
• Therefore, the large core multi-mode optical fiber is
used here to transfer the optical signals to and from
ELECTRONIC CIRCUIT FOR THE
MOCT
• There are two output stages. One stage, which has 1 KA
dynamic range, is for power system current metering,
and other stage, which operate up to 20 KA, provides
power system current signals for digital relay systems .
• In each part of the device, the sum of the two receiving
channels signals, which have the same DC bias I0,
differenced at junction with a reference voltage V ref from
the power level adjustment potentiometer.
• An integrator is used to adjust the LED driver current to
maintain 2I0 to be the same as the Vref at the junction.
• The difference of the two receiving channels signals
2I0 (2Sin1) and 2I0 (2Sin2) in each part of the
device are added directly and then fed through an
amplifier for the small signals.
• At the same time these two signals are processed
digitally to do a sin-1 calculation on each and then
summed together for the large signal situation when
the non-linearity of the MOCT can no longer be
ignored.
• The ratio responses of the two output stages of the
clamp-on MOCT are designed as 10V/KA and 0.5V/KA
and frequency responses are 4KHZ and 40 KHZ
respectively.
APPLICATION
• The MOCT is designed to operate in a transparent manner
with modern electronic meters and digital relays, which
have been adopted for a low energy analog signal interface.

• The design approach is to redefine the interface point as to


input the analog to digital conversion function used by each
of these measurement systems.
ADVANTAGES
• No risk of fires and explosions.
• No need to use metallic wires to transfer the signal and so
simpler insulation structure than conventional current
transformer.
• High immunity to electromagnetic interference.
• Wide frequency response and larger dynamic range.
• Low voltage outputs which are compatible with the inputs of
digital to analog converters.
DISADVANTAGES
• Temperature and stress induced linear
birefringence in the sensing material causes error
and instability.
• The accuracy of MOCT is so far insufficient for the
use in power systems.
CONCLUSION
• This magneto optical current transducer eliminates
many of the drawbacks of the conventional current
transformers.
• In an conventional current transformers, there is a
chance of saturation of magnetic field under high
current, complicated insulation and cooling structure,
a chance of electro magnetic interference .
Visit www.seminarlinks.blogspot.com to download

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