COMPUTER MAINTENANCE

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 Don’t let that PC problem
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est laborum."

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 "Take good care of your PC, and
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Computer Maintenance Checklist

At system setup
1. Install a surge suppressor/emergency shutdown
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ring binder.

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Computer Maintenance Checklist

Weekly
1. Run a disk scan to check for hard drive issues
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9. Update your virus definitions
10.Run a full virus scan
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Computer Maintenance Checklist
Monthly
1. Check for updates
2. Delete/Uninstall unneeded or unused programs
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Yearly
1. Renew your software update and antivirus subscriptions

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Who’s to Blame?
• Dust
• Heat
• Moisture
• Virus
• Other people
• You?
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Basic Maintenance
Check for Viruses using Anti Virus programs

What is a Computer Virus??

• Computer viruses are small software programs
that are designed to spread from one
computer to another and to interfere with
computer operation.

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Basic Maintenance
What is a Computer Virus??
• A virus might corrupt or delete data on your
computer, use your email program to spread
itself to other computers, or even erase
everything on your hard disk.

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Basic Maintenance
What is a Computer Virus??
• Computer viruses are often spread by
attachments in email messages or instant
messaging messages. That is why it is
essential that you never open email
attachments unless you know who it's from
and you are expecting it.
• Viruses can be disguised as attachments of
funny images, greeting cards, or audio and
video files.
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Basic Maintenance
Malware, short for malicious software, is programming
(code, scripts, active content, and other software)
designed to disrupt or deny operation, gather
information that leads to loss of privacy or
exploitation, gain unauthorized access to system
resources, and other abusive behavior.

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Basic Maintenance
Spyware, is a type of malware that can be installed
on computers, and which collects small pieces of
information about users without their knowledge. The
presence of spyware is typically hidden from the
user, and can be difficult to detect. Typically, spyware
is secretly installed on the user's personal computer.
Sometimes, however, spywares such as keyloggers
are installed by the owner of a shared, corporate,
or public computer on purpose in order to secretly
monitor other users.

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Basic Maintenance
Worms
A worm is a program very similar to a virus; it has the ability to
self-replicate, and can lead to negative effects on your system
and most importantly they are detected and eliminated by
antiviruses.

Examples of worms include: PSWBugbear.B, Lovgate.F,

Trile.C, Sobig.D, Mapson.

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Basic Maintenance
A Trojan horse, or Trojan, is a destructive program
that masquerades as a benign application. The
software initially appears to perform a desirable
function for the user prior to installation and/or
execution, but (perhaps in addition to the expected
function) steals information or harms the
system. Unlike viruses or worms, Trojan horses do
not replicate themselves, but they can be just as
destructive.

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Basic Maintenance
Viruses of the have damaging effects on your pc. Some
viruses can destroy your pc’s hard disk while others
take up memory space that could other wise be used
by your programs. This can slow down your pc
speed. They might even delete valuable system files
this making your programs useless.

To prevent this it is viral to have a good proper Anti

Virus program on your pc. There are many free
downloads of anti virus programs available on the
internet.
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Basic Maintenance
What is the best Anti Virus?
- None

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• Your PC's two mortal enemies are heat and
moisture.
• Excess heat accelerates the deterioration of the
delicate circuits in your system. The most common
causes of overheating are dust and dirt.
• Clogged vents and CPU cooling fans can keep
heat-dissipating air from moving through the case,
and even a thin coating of dust or dirt can raise the
temperature of your machine's components.

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• Any grime, but especially the residue of cigarette
smoke, can corrode exposed metal contacts. That's
why it pays to keep your system clean, inside and
out.
• If your PC resides in a relatively clean, climate-
controlled environment, an annual cleaning should
be sufficient. But in most real-world locations, such
as dusty offices or shop floors, your system may
need a cleaning every few months.

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 Clean CPU and Tower
• Regular computer cleaning is recommended
to prevent overheating and glitches caused by
dust inside your CPU.
• In addition to shorting out electronics, dust
can act as an insulating blanket and prevent
heat sinks and other components from cooling
off.

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 Clean CPU and Tower
• A few minutes of careful cleaning will remove
the computer killing dust from your CPU's
fans, heat sinks, electronics and case,
allowing the heat to dissipate and cool air to
flow unimpeded throughout your system.

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 Clean CPU and Tower
• For a dust and grime-free cpu and tower we
need some computer cleaning supplies:

– Anti-static wrist strap or anti-static mat

– Soft, lint-free cloth
– Canned, compressed air
– Rubbing alcohol
– Computer vacuum (optional)
– CD Drive cleaner disk
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Clean CPU and Tower

Anti-static wrist strap or anti-static mat

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Clean CPU and Tower

Soft, lint-free cloth

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Clean CPU and Tower

Canned, compressed air

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Clean CPU and Tower

Computer vacuum (optional)

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Clean CPU and Tower

CD Drive cleaner disk

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Computer Safety Procedures
• please keep in mind these safety
precautions for computer repair and
cleaning:

 Never spray cleaning liquids directly unto any

part of your computer. Why?
Because contact with liquids may cause sensitive
electronic equipment to malfunction, or corrode.
Instead, spray liquids unto your cloth or other
implement and then wipe away dust and grime
from non-sensitive surfaces.
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Computer Safety Procedures
Do not spray canned compressed air with
the can upside down. Why?
Because liquid air may come out and
damage computer electronics. Instead,
Always keep the canned air in a vertical
position with the spray nozzle on top and
use short bursts of air.

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Computer Safety Procedures
Do not touch any internal cpu component without wearing
an anti-static wrist band or using an anti-static
mat. Why?
Static is a great enemy of sensitive electronics. A mild static
charge can ruin your computer, and the static that
commonly build up in the human body will kill it dead
instantly. Instead, wear a properly grounded anti-static wrist
strap or work on an anti-static mat. At the same time, keep
the computer on a stable platform above the floor.

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Computer Safety Procedures
Do not use a standard vacuum to clean
inside your computer. Why?
A normal vacuum builds up a tremendous
amount of static electricity, which will kill your
computer on accidental contact. Instead, use
a vacuum specifically designed for cleaning
computers being very careful not to touch
any internal components, or do not use a
vacuum at all.

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Computer Safety Procedures
Do not attempt to clean the inside of a computer
monitor. Why?
It may retain a high voltage even when unplugged.
Instead, leave monitor repairs and cleaning of the
interior to a professional.

Unplug the computer monitor and allow it to cool

before cleaning. Why?
It is usually not advisable to apply liquids to an
electrified item. The monitor carries a high voltage.

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Computer Safety Procedures
Do not leave a computer plugged in while
cleaning unless you are certain there is not a
"wake" feature that could activate. Why?
The computer may turn on while you are cleaning
or repairing it and cause damage to itself or you.
Instead, unplug all electrical items before working
on them.

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Computer Safety Procedures
Do not touch an lcd screen with your
fingers. Why?
You may short out the pixels and ruin it. Instead,
use a soft anti-static, lint-free cloth as
recommended by the manufacturer to clean dust
and debris from the screen.

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Computer Safety Procedures
Do not use an unapproved liquid to clean your
lcd screen. Why?
The wrong solution may remove or damage special
anti-glare coatings on the screen. Instead, use the
liquid cleaner recommended by the manufacturer.

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Computer Safety Procedures
• Clean up the general area surrounding your
computer before beginning. Why?
It wouldn't make sense to leave dust and dirt in the
area to get sucked back into your computer after it
is cleaned as well as re-contaminate the external
parts. Moving the equipment around will stir up
surrounding dust, allowing it to settle in and around
your computer.

**Cleaning your PC is essential to keep your data

safe and extend the life of your equipment.
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Parts of Computer

Clean keyboard
Clean System Unit Clean Monitor

Clean Mouse Clean CD/DVD ROM Drive

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Computer care
1.Keep your unit away from
extreme heat and cold
and direct sunlight.
2.Keep foods and drinks
away from computer units.
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3. Keep units away from
magnetic sources.
4. Keep your units away
from dust (cover it with
cloth).
5. Properly switch on and
shut down the units.
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6. Move only the computer
when necessary- and
before you do, make sure
that the computer is
unplugged.

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 Let’s take a byte.!
Sabine got hungry while using
her computer. She then ate a
sandwich while she continued
playing computer games.

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Luigi was going to clean
his room today, so he
covered his computer
unit with plastic.

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Nico was running late for
school so he just unplugged
the computer to shut it
down.

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Leah was having problems
controlling the mouse so
she switched off the unit
before cleaning the mouse.

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John blew in between the
keys of the keyboard to
remove dust particles.

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Hardware & Software
• The term hardware refers to the physical
components of your computer such as the
system unit, mouse, keyboard, monitor etc.

•The software is the instructions that makes

the computer work. Software is held either on
your computers hard disk, CD-ROM, DVD or
on a diskette (floppy disk) and is loaded (i.e.
copied) from the disk into the computers RAM
(Random Access Memory), as and when
required.
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Two Types of Software

1. System software is computer

software designed to operate the computer
hardware
• System software is responsible for controlling,
integrating, and managing the individual
hardware components of a computer system.
• The system software is installed on your
computer when you install your operating
system.

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 System software [Cont.]

Examples: assemblers, compilers, file management

tools, system utilities, and debuggers, Graphical
user interface, operating system, disk formatters,
file managers, user authentication (login) and
management tools, and antivirus.

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Application Software
2. Application Software is used to accomplish
specific tasks other than just running the
computer system.
• Are computer software that do the real work for
the user.
Examples: Microsoft Office (word, PowerPoint, excel,
etc.), media player, systems (Information systems,
accounting systems), database, web browsers (Mozilla
Firefox, Internet explorer, Google chrome), games
(plants vs. zombies, Farmville, etc.), Photoshop,
movie maker.
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Hardware Components
• Input Devices - "How to tell it what to do“
- A keyboard and mouse are the standard way to
interact with the computer. Other devices include
joysticks and game pads used primarily for games.

• Output Devices - "How it shows you what it is doing"

- The monitor (the screen) is how the computer sends
information back to you. A printer is also an output
device.

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Hardware Components
INPUT DEVICES
• The Mouse
– Used to ‘drive’ Microsoft Windows
• The Keyboard
– The keyboard is still the commonest
way of entering information into a
computer
• Tracker Balls
– an alternative to the traditional mouse
and often used by graphic designers

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Hardware Components
INPUT DEVICES
• Scanners
– A scanner allows you to scan printed
material and convert it into a file format
that may be used within the PC
• Touch Pads
– A device that lays on the desktop and
responds to pressure

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Hardware Components
INPUT DEVICES
• Light Pens
– Used to allow users to point to
areas on a screen
• Joysticks
– Many games require a joystick
for the proper playing
of the game

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Hardware Components
OUTPUT DEVICES
• VDU
– The computer screen is used for
outputting information in an
understandable format
• Printers
– There are many different types of
printers.
– In large organizations laser printers are
most commonly used due to the fact
that they can print very fast and give a
very high quality output.
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Hardware Components
OUTPUT DEVICES
• Plotters
– A plotter is an output device similar
to a printer, but normally allows you
to print larger images.
• Speakers
– Enhances the value of educational
and presentation products.

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Hardware Components
STORAGE DEVICES
– "How it saves data and programs“

• Hard disk drives are an

internal, higher capacity drive
which also stores the operating
system which runs when you
power on the computer.
• stores all your files in your
computer (document files,
sounds, images, videos)
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Hardware Components
STORAGE DEVICES

• "Floppy" disk drives allow you

to save work on small disks and
take the data with you.

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 Hardware Components
STORAGE DEVICES
• Hard Disks
• Speed:
– Very fast!
– The speed of a hard disk is often quoted as "average
access time" speed, measured in milliseconds. The
smaller this number the faster the disk.
• Capacity:
– Enormous! Often 40/80 Gigabytes. A Gigabyte is
equivalent to 1024 Megabytes.
• Cost:
– Hard disks costs are falling rapidly and
normallyrepresent the cheapest way of storing data.
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Hardware Components
STORAGE DEVICES
• Diskettes (Floppy Disks)
• Speed:
– Very slow!
• Capacity:
– Normally 1.44 Mbytes.
• Cost:
– Very cheap.

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 Hardware Components
STORAGE DEVICES
• CD-ROM Disks
• Speed:
– Much slower than hard disks. The CD-ROM DISK
original CD-ROM speciation is given a
value of 1x speed, and later, faster CD-
ROMs are quoted as a multiple of this
value.
• Capacity:
CD-ROM DRIVE
– Around 700 Megabytes

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 Hardware Components
STORAGE DEVICES
• DVD
• Speed:
– Much faster than CD-ROM drives but DVD DISK
not as fast as hard disks.
• Capacity:
– Up to 17 Gigabytes.
• Cost:
– Slightly higher than CD-ROM drives. DVD DRIVE

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Hardware Components
STORAGE DEVICES
• Flash Drive
– A small, portable flash memory card that plugs
into a computer’s USB port and functions as a
portable hard drive. USB flash drives are
touted as being easy-to-use as they are small Flash drive
enough to be carried in a pocket and can plug
into any computer with a USB drive.
– A flash drive is a small storage device that can
be used to transport files from one computer
to another.

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Main Parts of Computer
• Memory – “How the processor stores and uses immediate
data”
• RAM - Random Access Memory
– The main 'working' memory used by the computer.
– When the operating system loads from disk when
you first switch on the computer, it is copied into
RAM.
– As a rough rule, a Microsoft Windows based
computer will operate faster if you install more RAM.
Data and programs stored in RAM are volatile (i.e.
the information is lost when you switch off the
computer).
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Hardware Components
Memory
ROM – Read Only Memory
• Read Only Memory (ROM) as the name suggests
is a special type of memory chip that holds
software that can be read but not written to.
• A good example is the ROM-BIOS chip, which
contains read-only software.
• Often network cards and video cards also contain
ROM chips.

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Hardware Components
• How Computer Memory • Kilobyte
Is Measured – A kilobyte (KB) consists
• Bit of 1024 bytes.
– All computers work on a • Megabyte
binary numbering system, – A megabyte (MB)
i.e. They process data in consists of 1024
one's or zero's. This 1 or kilobytes.
0 level of storage is • Gigabyte
called a bit.
A gigabyte (GB) consists
• Byte
of 1024 megabytes.
– A byte consists of eight
bits. • Terabyte
• Petabyte
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Hardware Components
• Microprocessors - "The brain of the computer“
– PCs primarily use microprocessors (sometimes
called the chip).
– The older Intel versions include the 386, 486 and
now the Pentium line.
– The CPU (Central Processing Unit) is normally an
Intel Pentium (or equivalent) and it is one of the
most important components within your computer.

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Hardware Components
• Microprocessors
– It determines how fast your computer will run and is
measured by its MHz speed.
– Thus a 600 MHz Pentium is much faster than say a
400 MHz Pentium CPU.
– It is the CPU that performs all the calculations within
the computer.

– The Two Rivals in the

processor Market.
Intel Corp. vs AMD

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Hardware Components
Some of the Factors

• That Impact on a Computer's Performance

• CPU speed
• RAM size
• Hard disk speed and capacity

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