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Decentralization and Local Governance

The document discusses decentralization and local governance in the Philippines, outlining the different levels of local government established by the 1991 Local Government Code including provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays. It examines how decentralization through devolution, deconcentration, and debureaucratization transfers power and authority from the national to local levels of government. This aims to make local governments more self-reliant and improve delivery of basic services to the people.

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8K views37 pages

Decentralization and Local Governance

The document discusses decentralization and local governance in the Philippines, outlining the different levels of local government established by the 1991 Local Government Code including provinces, cities, municipalities, and barangays. It examines how decentralization through devolution, deconcentration, and debureaucratization transfers power and authority from the national to local levels of government. This aims to make local governments more self-reliant and improve delivery of basic services to the people.

Uploaded by

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Decentralization

and Local
Governance
Objectives:

▰ Identify the different levels of the Philippine


Local Government
▰ Explain the roles and functions of Local
Government Unit
▰ Examine how decentralization affects
governance
2
3
Introduction

▰ Local Government Code of 1991 (Republic


Act No. 7160). This Act enters into force on
1 January 1992. This Code establishes the
system and defines powers of provincial,
city, municipal and
barangay governments in the Philippines.
4
RA 7160 LOCAL GOVERNMENT CODE OF
1991

▰ enacted in October of 1991


▰ Sen. Aquilino Pimentel Jr. –
principal author, “Father of
philippine local government”
▰ “to decentralize power from
the national government to
the LGU’s” 5
Aims of the Local Government Code 1991

▰ Purpose: transform LGUs into self-reliant


communities and active partners in nation-building by
giving them more powers, authority, responsibilities
and resources
▰ Hopes to achieve economic development at the
regional and local levels by giving Local Chief
Executive(LCE) more freedom in carrying out their
programs that are suitable in their areas 6
Local Autonomy

▰ Refers to “self-governing”
▰ The granting of more powers, authority,
responsibilities and resources by the
national government to local government
units in order to be self-reliant and active
partners 7
Decentralization

8
Decentralization

▰ transfer of power and authority from


central institution to lower or local levels
of a government system.

9
Rationale for Decentralization

DECENTRALIZATION ATTEMPTS TO:


▰ Improve allocative efficiency

▰ Improve production efficiency

▰ Improve quality, transparency, accountability


and legitimacy
▰ Greater equity
10
Types of Decentralization
TYPE CRITERIA

Democratization, citizen participation,


Political
legitimate government(s)
Transfer of functions with regards to planning,
Administrative
management, allocation of resources
Assignment of revenues to local governments
so they can discharge their responsibilities.
Fiscal
Sometimes related to local revenue
generating capacities.
Transfer of some responsibilities from states domain to the
Market
market 11
3 Forms of Decentralization

1. Devolution
2. Deconcentration
3. Debureaucratization

12
Devolution (Political Decentralization)

▰ transfer of power and authority from the


national government to local government units
(LGUs); political and territorial
▰ Local governments acquire the necessary
functions to govern and not only to administer

13
Devolution (Political Decentralization)

3 Indicators of PD:
▰ Accountability – local committees consisting of men & women
work in selected LGUs according to the guidelines of the LGC to
implement result-oriented & target-relevant decisions & measures.
▰ Transparency – selected LGUs & national organizations/
departments publish their annual budgets in media accessible to
citizens such as newspapers, bulletin boards at the town hall &
churches; & report semi-annually on the implementation status of
programs in citizen’s assemblies. 14
Devolution (Political Decentralization)

▰ Responsibility and Participation – The


portion of programs and projects realized
by LGUs through active & quantifiable
participation, such as job performance &
financial contributions of citizens.

15
Devolved functions to LGUs

1. Agricultural extension 6. Social welfare services


2. Community based forestry 7. Tourism
3. Field health and hospital 8. Telecommunications
services 9. Housing
4. Public works 10. Others like investment support
5. School building program

16
Devolved Regulatory Powers

1. Reclassification of 4. Enforcement of national


agricultural lands building code
2. Enforcement of 5. Operation of tricycles
environmental laws 6. Processing and approval of
3. Inspection of food products subdivision plans
and quarantine 7. Establishment of cockpits
17
Deconcentration

▰ transfer of power, authority or


responsibility or the discretion to
plan, decide and manage from central
to local levels; administrative and
sectoral
18
Debureaucratization(Institutional
Decentralization)

▰ transfer of some public functions and responsibilities,


which government may perform, to private entities or
NGOs
▰ Involves the harnessing of the private sector & non-
governmental organizations in the delivery of services
through various modalities including contracting out,
private-public partnership & joint ventures.
19
What is local
government?

20
Local Government

▰ a political subdivision of a nation or state which


is constituted by law and has substantial control
of local affairs
▰ It pertains to the activity by which local officials,
both elected and appointed, implement the goals
and manage the resources of the local
government unit 21
LEVELS OF THE
PHILIPPINE LOCAL
GOVERNMENT

22
23
Composition of the Local Government

1. Province
▰ The largest unit in the political structure of the Philippines. It
consists, in varying numbers, of municipalities and, in some
cases, of component cities.
▰ Its functions and duties in relation to its component cities and
municipalities are generally coordinative and supervisory.
▰ Sanguniang Panlalawigan (Provincial Council)

24
Composition of the Local Government

2. City
▰ There are three classes of cities in the Philippines: the highly
urbanized, the independent component cities which are
independent of the province, and the component cities which are
part of the provinces where they are located and subject to their
administrative supervision.
▰ Sanguniang Panlungsod (City Council)

25
Highly Urbanized Cities (HUC):

▰ Cities with a minimum population of two hundred thousand


(200,000) inhabitants, as certified by the Philippine Statistics
Authority, and with the latest annual income of at least fifty
million pesos (₱50,000,000) based on 1991 constant prices, as
certified by the city treasurer.
▰ There are currently 33 highly urbanized cities in the Philippines,
16 of which are located in Metro Manila.

26
Component Cities (CC):

▰ Cities which do not meet the preceding requirements


are deemed part of the province in which they are
geographically located. If a component city is located
along the boundaries of two or more provinces, it shall
be considered part of the province of which it used to be
a municipality.

27
Independent Component Cities (ICC):

▰ Cities of this type have charters that explicitly prohibit


their residents from voting for provincial officials. All
five of them are considered independent from the
province in which they are geographically located:
Cotabato, Dagupan, Naga, Ormoc and Santiago.

28
Composition of the Local Government

3. Municipality
▰ Is a political corporate body which is endowed with the facilities
of a municipal corporation, exercised by and through the
municipal government in conformity with law. It is a subsidiary of
the province which consists of a number of barangays within its
territorial boundaries, one of which is the seat of government
found at the town proper (poblacion).
▰ Sanguniang Bayan (Municipal Council)
29
Composition of the Local Government

4. Barangay
▰ The smallest political unit into which cities and municipalities in
the Philippines are divided. It is the basic unit of the Philippine
political system. It consists of less than 1,000 inhabitants
residing within the territorial limit of a city or municipality and
administered by a set of elective officials, headed by a barangay
chairman (punong barangay).
▰ Provides face-to-face interaction among the people
▰ • Sanguniang Barangay • Sanguniang Kabataan 30
Effect of Decentralization in Governance

▰ Improved delivery of basic services such as


providing medicines, equipments and other
essential supplies in government hospitals
▰ The people will be closer to government
▰ Improved receptiveness of the government to the
people’s needs
31
Quiz

32
Quiz

▰ 1. _________ This Code establishes the system and


defines powers of provincial, city, municipal and
barangay governments in the Philippines.
▰ 2. _________ The granting of more powers by the national
government to local government units in order to be self-
reliant.
▰ 3. _________ a political subdivision of a nation and has
substantial control of local affairs 33
Quiz

▰ 4. ________ transfer of power and authority from central


institution to lower or local levels of a government
system.
▰ 5._________ transfer of some public functions and
responsibilities, which government may perform, to
private entities or NGOs
34
Research Work

35
Research Work (Group)

▰ 1. Form a group of 6 members. Each group must identify


at least 3 best practices in their barangay.
▰ 2. Interview a local official regarding his program and
projects intended to respond most effectively to the
needs of the community. Assess how these programs
and projects contribute to an improve quality of lives of
people. Present in class
36
THANKS!

37

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