By

Ramon A. Alguidano Jr. PECE

 Basics of Solar PV System

Basics of Solar PV System

 Features of Solar PV System
 Components of system
 Type of System
 SHS, BCS, Centralized PV, On-grid,
OFF-grid and Hybrid system
 General output power

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 Basics of Solar PV System

Electricity from Solar Energy

PV Module converts Solar energy into Electricity(DC)

 Less Solar Energy

Less Electricity
 More Solar Energy
More Electricity

Power generation
changes daily

DC
Solar Energy PV Module Electricity

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Input Conversion Output
 Basics of Solar PV System

Solar PV System
Solar PV System consists of 4 components

4a. DC Appliances DC System

DC (DC Lights, DC TV)
3. PV Module 2. Charge
(Power Generation) Controller DC
(Battery Protection)
4b. DC-AC Inverter
(Converts DC  AC)
AC System
DC
Most Important
Key Device AC Appliances
in PV system AC (General Appliances)
1. Battery
(Storage of Electricity)

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 Basics of Solar PV System

Basic Components
 PV Module
PV Module converts Solar energy into Electricity, the owner
generation is during daytime only and Efficient life up 20
years
 Battery
Battery stores electricity during daytime and provide energy
during night time.
 Charge Controller
Charge controller protects battery from over charge and over
discharge
 DC-AC Inverter
Inverter converts DC to AC voltage for AC system. AC system
not efficient compared to the DC system, however, it is more
convenient for users.
 DC Light
 DC fluorescent light (built-in inverter) is used for DC system
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 Basics of Solar PV System

Features of Solar PV system

 Clean
 No exhaust gas
 No mechanical moving parts
 Quiet
 Less maintenance work
 Fuel supply is not necessary
 Very low running cost
 Last resort to supply electricity
 Can be installed where no other energy sources are available
 Expensive and limited power supply
 Small appliances use only
 Battery problems
 Most users/operators fail to maintain batteries
 Most users abandon systems when the end of battery life
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 Basics of Solar PV System

SHS (Solar House System)

• SHS is Small, independent DC system
• Most efficient and economical system
• DC Fluorescent Lights are not easily available in local
market
PV Panel
(50W)

Controller
(10A)
Fluorescent light
(12V DC 20W)
Compact Fluorescent light
Switch
(12V DC 11W)

Battery
(100Ah)

B/W TV Radio/Cassette player

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(12V DC 15W) (12V DC 5W)
 Basics of Solar PV System

SHS (AC)
 AC system is convenient for users because of easy availability of
appliances
 Less efficient and higher cost than DC system
PV Panel
(100W) Inverter
( 12V DC  220V AC, 150W)

Controller
(10A)
Fluorescent light
(220V AC 20W)
Compact Fluorescent light
Switch
(220V AC 11W)

Battery
(100Ah)

B/W TV Radio/Cassette player

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(220V AC 30W) (220V AC 5W)
 Basics of Solar PV System

BCS (Battery Charging Station)

 Users share PV modules
 One station can charge one battery in a day.
 Users have to carry heavy batteries to the BCS.
 Heavy labor for women and children
 Available power per day is smaller than SHS
 Short battery life compare to SHS
 Batteries are easily over discharged at user’s houses
 Long term cost is higher than SHS

PV Array (300Wp)

Battery (70Ah)

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 Basics of Solar PV System

Centralized System (10kW ~)

Control of Charging Converting DC to AC
(Charge Controller) (DC-AC Inverter)
Solar Energy

Power Generation Load

(PV Array) (Lights, Radio, TV, etc.)

120V DC
~ 300V DC

220V AC

Storage of Electricity
(Battery)
Expensive system
High quality electricity

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 Basics of Solar PV System

Available Power
for Quick calculation only
Inverter efficiency
4kWh/m2 per day
( 4 peak sun hours ) 90%
Power demand per Household
270Wh ~ 380Wh/day
10kWp

80%

Line efficiency
Output 90%
efficiency
10kWp x 4h = 40.0kWh Charging efficiency
20kWh / 270Wh = 74HH
PV : x 80% = 32.0kWh 20kWh / 380Wh = 52HH
Battery : x 80% = 25.6kWh 80%
Inverter: x 90% = 23.0kWh
Lines : x 90% = 20.7kWh 10kWp PV system can produce 20kWh
10kWp PV system can supply 52HH ~ 74HH
10kWp x 4h x 50% = 20kWh
= 10kWp x 2h = 20kWh
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Grid Tied System
Hybrid System
 Basics of Solar PV System

Peak Load and Daily Power Consumption

 Peak
Load is a maximum load power (W) Peak Load does not mean
 Limited by Inverter Capacity Power Consumption

 Daily Power Consumption is a total energy that is consumed in one day (Wh)
 Limited by PV array capacity (Daily Power Generation)

Power Generation > Power Consumption

16.0 16.0

14.0 14.0

12.0
Daily Power Consumption = 79 kWh Peak load = 10 kW 12.0

10.0 10.0
Load (kW)

8.0 8.0

6.0 6.0

4.0 4.0

2.0 2.0

0.0 0.0
00:00 03:00 06:00 09:00 12:00 15:00 18:00 21:00 00:00
Time

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