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Lec8 RTM

This document discusses reverse time migration (RTM) as a seismic imaging technique. It outlines RTM, provides examples of RTM applied to both synthetic and real seismic data compared to Kirchhoff migration, and summarizes the benefits and limitations of RTM. Specifically, RTM images both primaries and multiples by modeling wave propagation backwards in time, providing better signal-to-noise and resolution than Kirchhoff migration if the velocity model is accurate. However, a smooth velocity model may work better than an inaccurate detailed model. RTM is particularly useful for structures with salt but may not be worth the increased cost for layered models.

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moonrock1
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69 views31 pages

Lec8 RTM

This document discusses reverse time migration (RTM) as a seismic imaging technique. It outlines RTM, provides examples of RTM applied to both synthetic and real seismic data compared to Kirchhoff migration, and summarizes the benefits and limitations of RTM. Specifically, RTM images both primaries and multiples by modeling wave propagation backwards in time, providing better signal-to-noise and resolution than Kirchhoff migration if the velocity model is accurate. However, a smooth velocity model may work better than an inaccurate detailed model. RTM is particularly useful for structures with salt but may not be worth the increased cost for layered models.

Uploaded by

moonrock1
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reverse Time Migration

Outline
• Finding a Rock Splash at Liberty Park

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (backwd in time)

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (forwd in time)


• ZO Reverse Time Migration Code
• Examples
Liberty Park Lake
Rolls of Toilet Paper
Time
Find Location of Rock
Rolls of Toilet Paper
Time
Find Location of Rock
Rolls of Toilet Paper
Time
Find Location of Rock
Rolls of Toilet Paper
Time
Find Location of Rock
Rolls of Toilet Paper
Time
Find Location of Rock
Rolls of Toilet Paper
Time
Find Location of Rock
Rolls of Toilet Paper
Time
Outline
• Finding a Rock Splash at Liberty Park

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (backwd in time)

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (forwd in time)


• ZO Reverse Time Migration Code
• Examples
ZO Modeling
5
1-way time

0
Reverse Order Traces in Time
Reverse Time Migration
(Go Backwards in Time)
0
1-way time

-5

T=0 Focuses at Hand Grenades


Outline
• Finding a Rock Splash at Liberty Park

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (backwd in time)

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (forwd in time)


• ZO Reverse Time Migration Code
• Examples
Reverse Time Migration
(Reverse Traces Go Forward in Time)
0
1-way time

-5

T=0 Focuses at Hand Grenades


Poststack RTM
1. Reverse Time Order of Traces
5 0
1-way time

1-way time
0 -5

2. Reversed Traces are Wavelets of


loudspeakers
Outline
• Finding a Rock Splash at Liberty Park

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (backwd in time)

• ZO Reverse Time Migration (forwd in time)


• ZO Reverse Time Migration Code
• Examples
Forward Modeling
for it=1:1:nt
p2 = 2*p1 - p0 + cns.*del2(p1);
p2(xs,zs) = p2(xs,zs) + RICKER(it); % Add bodypoint src term
p0=p1;p1=p2;
end

Reverse Time Modeling


for it=nt:-1:1
p2 = 2*p1 - p0 + cns.*del2(p1);
p2(1:nx,2) = p2(1:nx,2) + data(1:nx,it); % Add bodypoint src term
p0=p1;p1=p2;
end
Numerical Examples
3D Synthetic Data
3D SEG/EAGE Salt Model
Z 2.0 Km

4
3D Synthetic Data
W E Kirchhoff
0 Migration
Depth (Km)

Redatum + KM

2.0
0 Offset (km) 3.5 0 Offset (km) 3.5
5
Cross line 160
3D Synthetic Data
Kirchhoff Migration
W E
0
Depth (Km)

Redatum + KM

2.0
0 Offset (km) 3.5 0 Offset (km) 3.56
Cross line 180
3D Synthetic Data
Kirchhoff
W E
Migration
0
Depth (Km)

Redatum + KM

2.0
0 Offset (km) 3.5 0 Offset (km) 3.57
Cross line 200
Numerical Examples

•GOM Data
•Prism Synthetic Example
GOM Kirchhoff

?
GOM RTM

?
?
Numerical Examples

•GOM Data
•Prism Synthetic Example
Prism Wave Migration
One Way Migration of Prestack Data RTM of Prestack Data

Courtesy TLE: Farmer et al. (2006)


Summary
1. RTM much more expensive than Kirchhoff Mig.
2. If V(x,y,z) accurate then all multiples
Included so better S/N ration and better
Resolution.
3. If V(x,y,z) not accurate then smooth velocity
Model seems to work better. Free surface multiples
included.

4. RTM worth it for salt models, not layered V(x,y,z).

5. RTM is State of art for GOM and Salt Structures.


Solution
• Claim: Image both Primaries and Multiples
• Methods: RTM

A D

?
?
Piecemeal Methods
2-Way Mirror Wave Migration:

• Assume Knowledge of Important Mirror


• Reverse Time Migration
A D

?
?

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