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Mini CNC Plotter: Rathod Harsh P. (156020311042) Chauhan Umang R. (156020311019)

This document describes a mini CNC plotter project. It lists the components used, including Arduino, stepper motors, and software. It explains that CNC machines use computer-generated gcode to precisely control cutting or drawing tools. The software generates gcode based on a design, which is sent to the microcontroller. The controller then commands the motors and tools. Applications include routing, plasma cutting, and 3D printing. CNC machines offer precise, repeated production but with higher costs than manual machines.

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Harsh Rathod
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143 views24 pages

Mini CNC Plotter: Rathod Harsh P. (156020311042) Chauhan Umang R. (156020311019)

This document describes a mini CNC plotter project. It lists the components used, including Arduino, stepper motors, and software. It explains that CNC machines use computer-generated gcode to precisely control cutting or drawing tools. The software generates gcode based on a design, which is sent to the microcontroller. The controller then commands the motors and tools. Applications include routing, plasma cutting, and 3D printing. CNC machines offer precise, repeated production but with higher costs than manual machines.

Uploaded by

Harsh Rathod
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Mini CNC Plotter

Presented By:-
Rathod Harsh P. (156020311042)
Chauhan Umang R.(156020311019)
Content
 What is Cnc and Cnc Plotter ?
 History
 Component or Materials use in project :
1) Stepper motor * 2
2) Arduino Uno R3
3) CNC v3 shield
4) A4988 Stepper driver * 2
5) MG 90S Micro Servo
 Block diagram of CNC Machine
 Construction
 Working
 Which Software used to handle Cnc Machine.
 How Software and Hardware Work together ?
Types of cnc Machine.
Application
Merit and Demerit
What is Cnc and Cnc Plotter ?
 CNC means Computer Numerical Control. A Computer
Numerical Control (CNC) is the automation of machine tools by which
we can draw different type of letter, picture provided by a computer
using softwares into it’s controller.

 This means a computer converts the design into numbers


which the computer uses to control the cutting and shaping
of the material.
 The code used to program CNC machines is generically called G-code.
However, G-code instructions are only part of the programming language.
Specifically, G-codes give CNC machines the coordinates
History
 The first commercial NC
machines were built in the
1950's, and run from
punched tape.
 CNC, and later CNC, allowed
for tremendous increases in
productivity for machine tools
because the machines could
be run automatically without
requiring constant attention
from their operator.
Component or Materials use in project:
I. Stepper motor * 2
II. Arduino Uno R3
III. CNC v3 shield
IV. A4988 Stepper driver * 2
V. MG 90S Micro Servo motor
Stepper motor
Stepper motors are DC motors
that move in discrete steps.
With a computer controlled
stepping you can achieve very
precise positioning and/or
speed control.
In our project we use
CD-ROM drive stepper
Motor
Automation of 3 Motors to
control the coordinates
(X,Y,Z)of a pen with flexible
head can be used as
Plotter.
Arduino Uno R3
What is Arduino?
 A microcontroller board, contains on-board power
supply, USB port to communicate with PC, and an
Atmel microcontroller chip.
 It simplify the process of creating any control system
by providing the standard board that can be
programmed and connected to the system without the
need to any sophisticated PCB design and
implementation.
 It is an open source hardware, any one can get the
details of its design and modify it or make his own one
himself.
Digital output
~: PWM. In circuit Serial
0,1: Serial port. programming

Arduino UNO: Atmel


MicroController
USB port

Power input

Analog input.
Power Supply
CNC v3 shield

This expansion board as a


driver expansion board,
can be used for engraving
machines, 3D printers.
It is a total of four slots,
can drive four A4988
stepper motor. Each road
stepper motors only need
two IO ports. In other
words, six IO ports can be
well managed three
stepper motors. Very
convenient to use
A4988 Stepper driver
Simple step and direction control
interface.
Five different step resolutions:
full-step, half-step, quarter-step,
eighth-step, and sixteenth-step
Adjustable current control lets
you set the maximum current
output with a potentiometer,
which lets you use voltages
above your stepper motor’s
rated voltage to achieve higher
step rates.
MG 90S Micro Servo motor
Servos are controlled by sending an electrical
pulse of variable width, or pulse width
modulation (PWM) which determines
position of the shaft, through the control wire.
It is z axis.
Block diagram of CNC Machine
Wiring:
Working
• Controlled by G code.
• These are number values and co-ordinates.
• G code is generated by the computer
software.
• Then G code is uploaded on the
Microcontroller of the CNC machine.
• Then the controller outputs commands to
motors and accessories that can repetitively
and extremely accurately cut, design or draw.
Which Software used to handle Cnc
Machine:

•Inkscape:
Inkscape is a free
and open-source
Graphics editor.
Here it is creating
gcode for a
particular image
or letter.
2)Benbox :
Benbox is a free and open-source Graphics editor.
Here it is creating gcode for a particular image or letter.
Benbox is Accurate Software than Inkscape.
How Software and Hardware Work together ?

System Architecture:
Different types of CNC machine & their
Applications
•Router: (Laser cutter)
Routers are generally for producing larger work
and more commonly built with the idea of
cutting wood, plastics and sheet metal.
•CNC Plasma Cutter:
Plasma cutters are made for cutting 2
dimensional profile shapes into sheet metal.
•Lathe:
lathes are also commonly retrofitted with CNC
technology in the exact same way.
•3D Printer:
A 3D printer or 3 Dimensional printer uses a
similar set up as a CNC router or laser cutter,
except it uses a plastic extruder. This plastic
extruder pushes out hot plastic through a tiny hole
and slowly, layer by layer deposits enough plastic to
build up a completed part.
ADVANTAGES :
 CNC machines can be used continuously 24 hours a day,
365 days a year and only need to be switched off for
occasional maintenance.
CNC machines are programmed with a design which can
then be manufactured hundreds or even thousands of times.
Each manufactured product will be exactly the same.
Less skilled/trained people can operate CNC’s unlike manual
lathes / milling machines etc... Which need skilled engineers?
 CNC machines can be updated by improving the software
used to drive the machines.
DISADVANTAGES :

CNC machines are more expensive than manually operated


machines, although costs are slowly coming down.
The CNC machine operator only needs basic training and
skills, enough to supervise several machines.
In years gone by, engineers needed years of training to
operate centre lathes, milling machines and other manually
operated machines. This means many of the old skills are
been lost.
Thank You

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