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Application of Derivatives

The document defines key concepts related to analyzing functions graphically: a function is increasing if its output values get larger as the input increases, and decreasing if outputs get smaller. A maximum or minimum point occurs where the function's value is the largest or smallest in a neighborhood. Critical points are where the derivative is zero, and critical values are the corresponding x-coordinates. If the derivative is always positive, the function is increasing, and if the derivative is always negative, the function is decreasing. An example analyzes the critical points and behavior of a polynomial function to determine where it is increasing or decreasing.

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105 views3 pages

Application of Derivatives

The document defines key concepts related to analyzing functions graphically: a function is increasing if its output values get larger as the input increases, and decreasing if outputs get smaller. A maximum or minimum point occurs where the function's value is the largest or smallest in a neighborhood. Critical points are where the derivative is zero, and critical values are the corresponding x-coordinates. If the derivative is always positive, the function is increasing, and if the derivative is always negative, the function is decreasing. An example analyzes the critical points and behavior of a polynomial function to determine where it is increasing or decreasing.

Uploaded by

Princess Engreso
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Application of Derivatives

Graphs of Functions

Definition: A function 𝑓 is said to be increasing on the interval 𝐼 if 𝑓 𝑥2 > 𝑓(𝑥1 ) whenever 𝑥2 > 𝑥1 ,
𝑥1 , 𝑥2 ∈ 𝐼. It is decreasing if 𝑓(𝑥2 ) < 𝑓(𝑥1 ) whenever 𝑥2 > 𝑥1 .
Definition: A function 𝑓 is said to have a relative maximum at 𝑥0 if there exists some open interval
containing 𝑥0 such that 𝑓(𝑥0 ) is the true maximum of 𝑓 in this interval. Similarly, it has a relative
minimum at 𝑥1 if there exists some open interval containing 𝑥1 such that 𝑓(𝑥1 ) is the true minimum of
𝑓 in this interval.
Definition: A critical value of a function 𝑓 is a value of 𝑥 where 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 0. A critical point of a
function 𝑓 is a point (𝑥, 𝑓(𝑥)) on the graph corresponding to the critical value 𝑥.
Theorem: If 𝑓 is continuous on 𝐼 and 𝑓 ′ 𝑥 > 0 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼, then 𝑓 is increasing on 𝐼. If
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 < 0 ∀ 𝑥 ∈ 𝐼, then 𝑓 is decreasing on 𝐼.
 EXAMPLE:
1
1. 𝑓 𝑥 = 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 + 3
3
Solution:
𝑓 ′ 𝑥 = 𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 3 = 0
𝑥−3 𝑥+1 =0
3 and −1 are the critical values
14
Critical Points: (3, −6) and (−1, )
3

Intervals (−∞, −1) (−1,3) (3, +∞)


Test Numbers −2 0 4
Sign of 𝑓′(𝑥) (+) (−) (+)

Trend of 𝑓′(𝑥) increasing decreasing increasing

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