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Hydatidiform Mole

A hydatidiform mole is a rare abnormal pregnancy characterized by an abnormal placenta and no fetus (complete mole) or abnormal placenta and some fetal development (partial mole). It occurs when an egg is fertilized by two sperm or the egg is not fertilized properly. Symptoms include rapid uterine enlargement, vaginal bleeding, and hyperemesis gravidarum. Diagnosis involves ultrasound, HCG blood tests, and examination. Treatment is surgical removal by D&C or medication to induce miscarriage. Follow up is needed due to risk of persistent GTD.

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jean therese
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519 views18 pages

Hydatidiform Mole

A hydatidiform mole is a rare abnormal pregnancy characterized by an abnormal placenta and no fetus (complete mole) or abnormal placenta and some fetal development (partial mole). It occurs when an egg is fertilized by two sperm or the egg is not fertilized properly. Symptoms include rapid uterine enlargement, vaginal bleeding, and hyperemesis gravidarum. Diagnosis involves ultrasound, HCG blood tests, and examination. Treatment is surgical removal by D&C or medication to induce miscarriage. Follow up is needed due to risk of persistent GTD.

Uploaded by

jean therese
Copyright
© Attribution Non-Commercial (BY-NC)
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Hydatidiform

Mole
(H.Mole)
Prepared by:
Jean Therese P. Nicolas
B3
I. Definition

A hydatidiform mole is a rare mass


or growth that forms inside the
uterus at the beginning of a
pregnancy. It is a type of
gestational trophoblastic disease
(GTD). Also called Molar Pregnancy.

 Is growth of an abnormal fertilized
egg or an overgrowth of tissue
from the placenta.

2 types

 Partial molar pregnancy- means


there is an abnormal placenta and
some fetal development.

 Complete molar pregnancy- there
is an abnormal placenta but no
fetus.

Complete hydatidiform mole

Partial hydatidiform mole with


fetus
Risk Factors

 Prior molar pregnancy


 Extremes of reproductive age
 Age under 20 years
 Age over 45 years
 Twin Gestation
 High parity
Signs and Symptoms

 Women may feel as if she was


pregnant, but the uterus enlarges
much more rapidly than in a normal
pregnancy
 Vaginal Bleeding during pregnancy in
3rd-4th month
 Hyperemesis Gravidarum
 Passage of grapelike villi from the
uterus
 Abdominal Pain early in pregnancy
 Pallor or Dyspnea
 Associated with Anemia
 Anxiety and Tremor
PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
III. Laboratory and
Diagnostic Exam
 A pelvic examination
 A pregnancy ultrasound
 HCG blood test
 CT or MRI of the abdomen

IV. Medical Management
 Medical Care

o Stabilize the patient.


o Transfuse for anemia.
o Correct any coagulopathy.
o Treat hypertension.
o
 Medical management
 Prostaglandins are the most commonly used
agents, owing to their ability to induce uterine
contractions and thus expel the products of
conception. Prostaglandins can be given orally,
vaginally, or rectally, and administration is often
preceded by oral mifepristone, which primes the
uterus by allowing local production of
prostaglandins (normally suppressed by
progesterone).
 Misoprostol useful to help uterus expel products of
Surgery

 Suction dilation and curettage


(D and C) — This is a surgical
procedure used to remove
noncancerous hydatidiform moles.
The opening in the cervix is dilated
and the inside uterus lining is
scraped (curetted) clean using
suction and another spoonlike
instrument.

Surgery
 Removal of the uterus
(hysterectomy) — This is used
rarely to treat hydatidiform moles
but may be chosen, particularly if
the woman does not want to
become pregnant again. It may be
done through the abdomen or the
vagina.
V. Nursing Management

 Obtain baseline vital signs


 Preoperatively, observe the pt. for
signs of complications, such as
hemorrhage, uterine infection, and
vaginal passage of vesicles
 Save any expelled tissue for laboratory
analysis
 Prepare the pt. physically and
emotionally for surgery, if indicated
 Post operatively, monitor v/s and fluid
intake and output, and assess for
Nursing Management

 Encourage the pt. and her family to


express their feelings
 Offer emotional support, and help
them through the grieving process
 Help the pt. and her family develop
effective coping stress strategies,
referring them to a mental health
professional, if needed

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