Teori MSTEP
Teori MSTEP
Contents 4. Driver
- Basic terms
1. Basics of Stepping motor
- Types and Features of Driver
- Basic theory of motor
- Function of Driver
- Stepping VS Servo
- Introduction of Products 5. Controller
- Introduction of Products
- LP-S070 + Motor
3. Stepping Motor
- Features of Stepping Motor
7. Actual practice Ⅱ
- Types of Stepping Motor
- contact control
- Example of application
- Trouble shooting
1. Basics of Stepping motor
- What is motor?
- Introduction of Products
MOTOR
ㆍ A machinery that creates torque, and usually called generator.
ㆍ It is defined academically as a device that converts electrical energy to
mechanical energy.
Magnetic Energy
Generator
A device that converts Mechanical Energy to Electrical Energy
Basic principle of motor
B
B
Winding current
STEPPING MOTOR
DRIVER PC / PLC
Pulse
Command
CONTROLLER
System of Device
Controller
An integrated circuit to generate pulse signals based on
given speed & position data.
Stepping Motor
Hybrid type motor having features of high-accuracy, high-
torque that rotates with machinery angle determined as
existing current of phase of motor is controlled in accordance
with the input pulse signal.
Composition of product
Motor
AK-2 Series AK Series AHK Series AK-GB / AK-B AK-RB / AK-R
Series Series
Driver
Controller
※ Please refer to Autonics Website & Catalogue for more detail information of models.
Replacement table for discontinued products
- Basic terms
- Torque
Brush Type
DC Series Motor
DC Motor
Synchronous Induction
BLDC Motor DC Shunt Motor
Motor Motor
DC Compound
SR Motor
Motor
DC Separately VR Type PM Type HB Type
Stepping Motor
Excited Motor Accurate
STEP O X O
Angle
Minimizin
g
X O O
VR Motor HB Motor PM Motor
Weight
lightening X O O
Stepping Motor
B-phase
D-phase
E-phase
Torque fluctuation is big. Torque fluctuation is small.
High-speed, Accuracy ↓, Low-speed, Accuracy ↑, Smooth
Unsmooth operation ,Low-cost operation, High-cost
5-phase Stepping Motor
Easy
Easy position(Rotation
position(Rotation angle)
angle) controlling
controlling
Rotation angle
1 Pulse 0.72°
2 Pulse 1.44°
500 Pulse
360°
Easy
Easy speed
speed controlling
controlling
Rpm
500 Hz 60rpm
2000 Hz 240rpm
5000 Hz 600rpm
(Example of 5-phase STEPPING MOTOR FULL STEP operation)
Input frequency
Example)
What is RPS and RPM of 5-phase Stepping Motor that receives
signal of 3000Hz per second?
Explanation: 3000 Hz / 500 Pulse = 6
Answer: 6 RPS / 360 RPM
Example)
What is PPS of 5-phase Stepping Motor that rotates with
600RPM?
Explanation: 600 RPM / 60 = 10 RPS
10 RPS x 500 Pulse = 5000
Answer: 5000 PPS
ㆍ Step Angle : Mechanical angle that stepping motor rotates according to the signal input
from external.
-2 phase HB Type Stepping Motor : 1.8°
-5 phase HB Type Stepping Motor : 0.72°
ㆍ Step Angle Error : The difference between actual rotation angle and theoretical rotation
angle of stepping motors by 1Pulse signal.
ㆍ Hysteresis Angle Error : The difference of stop angle between CW rotation and CCW
rotation of a stepping motor.
ㆍ Stop Angle Error : The difference between actual rotation angle and theoretical rotation
angle of stepping motors at the starting point.
Example) (5 phase) when applying 500Pulse → Theoretical angle: 360° /
Actual angle: 360.02° / Error : 0.02°
ㆍ Full Step : Operate with step angle that mechanically determined by Stepping Motor.
2-phase : 1Pulse → 1.8° / 5-phase : 1Pulse → 0.72°
ㆍ Half Step : A method to drive stepping motor by 2/1 of step angle which is determined mechanically.
2-phase : 1Pulse → 0.9° / 5-phase : 1Pulse → 0.36°
Micro Step : A method to get a rotation angle of the rotor even in the middle area of basic
step by changing current on mechanically determined step angle of stepping motors.
※ Rotation angle is adjustable by Driver’s performance (resolution).
Large Large
Full Step
Half Step
Noise/Ocillation
e
Torqu
¼ Step
⅛ Step
Max. 6,000rpm
Max. 2400rpm (5-phase)
Rpm High speed, Low
Low speed, High Torque
Torque
The tendency of a force to cause an object to rotate, equal to the Vector product
of radius vector from the axis of rotation to the point of application of the for
and the for vector. Unit: [kgf·cm]
T = F x r
T: Torque F: Force r: Radious
F r
r F
T •
T
T=F r
T : Torque, F : Force, r : Radious
The meaning of 1kgf ㆍ
cm?
Required torque for rotating a rotator of which radius is 1cm in case 1kg of
weight is applied. (The weight of rotator itself is negligible)
1[cm]
T = F x r
T: torque F: Froce r: Radius
1[kg]
Coupling
10cm
Motor
X 5kg = 25 kgf∙cm
D= 10[cm] 2
D(Diameter) : 10 [cm]
M(Weight) : 5 [kg]
m=5[kg]
Calculation of Torque
Weight of Load: 40kg
Exercise) Calculation of Torque for Ball-screw load Ball Screw Pitch : 1cm
Efficiency: 90%
1. Calculation of Torque
Horizontal
load
Vertical
load
※ Simple calculations without considering the constant are shown as below because it is impossible to get
mechanical constant in many cases.
※ i ( Reduction gear ration of ball screw) is set as ‘1’ because the reduction gear ratio of the machinery that
manufacturer uses is 1:1.
※ It is used vertically by company D
Acceleration/Deceleration Torque [ TA ]
※ A lot of data is needed such as quality, thickness, speed of acceleration etc. to calculate
Acceleration/Deceleration Torque.
※ There is no situation that actual acceleration/deceleration torque is bigger than load torque
on ball-screw structure.
※ Considering that it is TL > TA as company D provided insufficient data such as quality, thickness
H
CW
L
H
CCW
L
CCW Rotation
Rotation
direction of CW Rotation
Motor
2Pulse Input type
H
CW
L
H
CCW
L
Rotation CW Rotation
direction of
CCW Rotation
Motor
Easy rotation angle & speed control
• As it has high-acceleration with self-holding and self operation torque, fast and
accurate holding, verse-reverse rotation is possible.
High-resolution, High-accuracy position controlling is possible
• 2 Phase : 1Pulse → 1.8° rotation
5 Phase : 1Pulse → 0.72° rotation
• When using resolution of 250 by using Micro Step Driver
2 Phase : 1Pulse → 1.8° / 250 = 0.0072° rotation
5 Phase : 1Pulse → 0.72° / 250 = 0.00288° rotation
Possible to perform high-accuracy position control by using.
Holding torque
• Hybrid Type Stepping Motor has huge holding torque when stopping while power is
supplied.
It is able to perform position control without relying on mechanical brake control signal.
Setting time is short and there is no hunting status when stopped.
• Settling time which motor axis is stopped after normal and reverse rotation by load
inertia is short when motor is stopped at a stop position.
• There is no hunting which motor axis is stopped with delicate normal and reverse
rotation when holding a stop position after settling time.
Time Time
Strength of Stepping Motor Weakness of Stepping Motor
Shaft Type
Hollow
Shaft Type
AHK Series
Space
saving
Rotary Actuator Type
Space
saving
Shaft Type
Rotary
Actuator Type
AK-R Series
Black
out
occurs
Damage
AK-B Series
AK-G Series
[ Micro Step ]
[ Run Current ]
[ Stop Current ]
Basic glossary of DRIVER
Bipolar
Unipolar
Types of 2-phase DRIVER
Power voltage : 24~35VDC 3A / Run current : 0.5~2A/Phase / Run method : Unipolar/ approval:
MD2U-MD20 MD2U-ID20
MD5-ND14 MD5-HD14
∙ Run current : 0.4~1.4A /Phase
∙ Micro-step function / Resolution: 250
∙ Run current : 0.5~1.5A /Phase
■ Low-speed rotation
∙ Full / Half Step function
■ High-accuracy positioning available)
∙ Auto current down, self test function etc.
Type of 5-phase AC Type DRIVER
Power voltage: 100~220V AC 50/60Hz / Run method : Bipolar type / Approval :
MD5-HF14 MD5-HF28
∙ Resolution: 250
single power
∙ Resolution: 250
surface mounting
insulation method
5-phase DRIVER (MD5-HD14) function
3 4 5 S/W No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
2 6
1 7
Resolution 1 2 4 5 8 10 16 20
0 8
F 9
E A S/W No 8 9 A B C D E F
D C B
Resolution 25 40 50 80 100 125 200 250
Run Current (Run current setting)
· Adjusting run current of motor.
· Set Run current at the rated current or below.
· Use Run current to suppress heat generation of motor when it is to be used below
rated torque of motor
· Be sure to change while the motor is under operation
S/W No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
Current (A /
0.4 0.5 0.57 0.63 0.71 0.77 0.84 0.9
Phase)
S/W No 8 9 A B C D E F
Current (A /
0.96 1.02 1.09 1.15 1.22 1.27 1.33 1.4
Phase)
Stop Current (Stop current setting)
· Activates when auto Current Down function is set.
· Ratio of Run Current setting value [%]
· Able to reduce heat generation when motor is stopped.
· Operates when Hold Off signal is Low
S/W No 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
% 27 31 36 40 45 50 54 58
S/W No 8 9 A B C D E F
% 62 66 70 74 78 82 86 90
PMC CONTROL
Types of Controller
Power voltage : 24V DC ± 10%
∙High speed 1 axis/2 axis Stand-Alone Type ∙Multi-axis control is possible (Max. 32
- Types of Controller
communication connection
- Parameter setting
[ RUN MODE ]
[ X / Y PARAMETER ]
[ HOME ]
Actual practice 1. Motion Device connection [ X axis]
A A
CW+ XP+P
B B
CW- XP+N
C C
CCW+ XP-P
D D
CCW- XP-N
E E
+24V, GND wiring excluded
Actual practice 2. Communication connection
Communication cable
Scan Mode
- Operates with + / - direction while input signal is On.
(Run stops when input signal is OFF)
Continuous Mode
- Operates with + / - direction if input signal is ON.
(Run stops when stop signal is ON)
Preset
- Click direction key to move as much as set Preset Value
Actual practice 4. RUN mode setting
Setting list
6. S/W limit
Setting list
1. Speed Multiplier
2. Acceleration/Deceleration speed
3. Acceleration Rate
4. Deceleration Rate
5. Start Speed
6. Drive Speed 1~4
7. Post Timer 1~3
8. Soft Ware Limit +/-
9. End Pulse Width
10. Pulse Scale Numerator/
Denominator
Sensing Sensing
Command
: Home
Intended
Original starting
point after pointas much as Offset value
moving
Home return input signal
XP+P XP+N
This training course is led by setting input 1 2
signal to Low [GND].
XP-P XP-N
3 4
ㆍ Step 1 [Near Home Search]: XSTOP0 No. 11
XOUT0 XINPOS
5 6
ㆍ Step 2 [Low-speed home search]: XSTOP1 No. 10
GEX
ㆍ Step 3 [Low-speed encoder Z-phase]: XSTOP2 No. 9 XALARM 7 8
ㆍ Step 4 [High-speed home Offset value]: Setting value
XSTOP2 XSTOP1
9 10
XSTOP0 XLMT+
※ Step. 1 ~ Step. 4 is executed in consecutive order 11 12
tap)
※Sold separately
-Data edit : Parameter / Program
-Drive operation : Present position display
Jog
Home
Program mode
Program command
Command Description
3 times
ABS 1 2 3 2 times
ABS 1 time
INPUT 3 6 10
0 3 6 10
원점
[ X / Y-axis indication ]
[ Scan mode ]
[ Consecutive mode ]
[ Program mode ]
[ Index mode ]
- Trouble shooting
Actual practice 7. contact control [ X-axis control]
Reset Home
※ Apply GND signal [No 1 2
Y DRIVE/END 15 16 X ERROR
Y ERROR 17 18 GEX
X-axis indication : No. 19, 4
GEX VEX
Y-axis indication : No. 19, 5 19 20
Running Scan Mode
Reset 1 2 Home
Strobe 3 4 X / JOG Y+
No. 19 – No 4, 10, 12
REG 0 / RUN+
Y / JOG Y- 5 6 / JOG X+
Y ERROR 17 18 GEX
Reset 1 2 Home
REG 0 / RUN+
Y / JOG Y- 5 6 / JOG X+
X 축 지정 4
REG 1 / RUN+
/ JOG X- 7 8 REG 2/SPD0
연속 모드 13
REG 3 / SPD1 9 10 REG 4 / JOG
GND 19
REG 5 / STOP 11 12 MODE0
Y ERROR 17 18 GEX
Strobe 3 4 X / JOG Y+
GEX 19 20 VEX
Running Index Mode
Reset 1 2 Home
No. 19 – No 4
Strobe 3 4 X / JOG Y+
MODE 1 → OFF
MODE1 13 14 X DRIVE/END
2
1 Max 100KHz pulse 2 contact concurrent output Able to 2 axis control
XFXEXDXCXBXAX9X8 YFYEYDYCYBYAY9Y8
CH1
Y0
Y2
CW
CCW
Y1
Y3
CW
CCW
CH2
Power supply
P24V
LP-S070 driver
2㏀
CW+
Y0/Y1 1/2W
CW-
2㏀
CCW+
Y2/Y3 1/2W
CCW-
Motion Program
Of GP-Editor
Motion Program
Of Smart-Studio
※Training LP series intermediate
ction & understand instruction
training kit connection
ction & understand instruction
GP-EDITOR project
Pattern list
ction & understand instruction
SMART-STUDIO motion setting
Num Drv Type Coodi Type Dst Pos Drv Direction Drv Speed(pps) Accel Time Decel Time Dwell Time
1 Position Absolute 50000 Forward 10000 3 3 500
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
2 Speed Relative 0 Forward 10000 2 2 100
① ② ③ ④
Drive
Drive speed
speed 10000pps
10000pps
② ①
③ ④
Actual deceleration Dwell
② ③
Actual deceleration Dwell
Actual acceleration time Actual acceleration time
time time
Acceleration time 3 ⑤
Deceleration time 3 Acceleration time 2 Deceleration time 2④
Complete signal
Distance
Movement distance
50000
①
ction & understand instruction
Information of error code
Device Description
F20 CH1 error code check
F21 CH2 error code check
Error Run
Symptom Troubleshooting
code state
When inputting other starting instruction signal during Clear the error by MTMEC(removing error) instruction
1 Run
using channel and executes next start instruction
When giving progress instruction to other direction than Edit the pattern list which has problem.
2 current progressing direction during consecutive running ‘C’ Stop Clear the error by MTMEC(removing error)
instruction and executes motion operation
3 When setting position preset during running Run Clear the error by MTMEC(removing error) instruction
When there is no action list to operate during executing Edit the action list which has problem.
4 Stop
pattern action Clear the error by MTMEC(removing error) instruction
When action list type is position drive during Check and edit action list and S/W limit value which have
5 executing pattern action and destination position is out of Stop problem. Clear the error by MTMEC(removing error)
S/W limit range instruction
Excess high low limit error Clear the error by MTMEC(removing error) instruction
10 Stop
and escape limit with jog operation and execute the next
When speed parameter value is higher than maximum Clear the error by MTMEC(removing error) instruction
speed (100,000PPS) and check the set parameter values
20 Stop
Designated pattern number of MTIDM(Indirect
designated drive) instruction is out of 1 to 99
ction & understand instruction
ormation of motion special device
Device
Name Function R/W
CH 1 CH 2
1: Use
Using device axis R F100 F120
0: Disuse
While moving device currently
1: Moving
(one of accel, decel, constant R F101 F121
2: Not moving
drive)
1: Accelerating
Accelerating device axis R F102 F122
2: Not accelerating
While driving device with set 1: Driving with set speed
R F103 F123
speed(Max. speed) 0: Not Driving with set speed
1: Decelerating
Decelerating device axis R F104 F124
0: Not decelerating
1: Dwelling
Dwelling device R F105 F125
0: Not dwelling
1: Completing
Completing device drive R F106 F126
0: Not completing
< Example drawing >
F102 F103F104 F105 F106
MTVDM Speed direct drive Designate direct drive data directly and it executes speed drive
MTPDM Position direct drive Designate direct drive data directly and it executes position drive
MTIDM Indirect designate drive Operates with the number of scripted string in the specified pattern from pattern list.
MTMEC Error remove Removes the error when error flag occurs by error during motion drive
MTEMS Emergency stop Stop all motion actions by emergency stop instruction
MTFOS Forced home setting Sets the specified position as the set home position value
MTSRS Normal stop Executes normal stop instruction to the currently motion driving channel
MTOVV Speed overide Converts the currently operating speed set (unit set) to the other speed and operates
with the converted speed
MTOVP Position override Changes the set target position to the designated position
MTIPT Line interpolation Executes line interpolation drive with two axes
MTUAI Action item drive Operates one action of motion referring the number of action item
Motion Instruction
■ Normal stop
Format : MTSRS S
OP DATA type Available device / Description / Range • Normal stop instruction
X, M, D, Z, UW, integer
S WORD Channel(Ch1, Ch2) It executes normal stop
1~2
instruction to the currently
[Pattern stop method with combinating special flag] motion driving channel.
1. F400 or F402 (Action list stop) + MTSRS
: During pattern drive, if currently executed action list type is speed drive and this
instruction is executed, speed drive is finish and it executes the next action list.
2. F401 or F403 (Group stop) + MTSRS
: During group drive, this instruction is executed, it escapes the group and executes
action list following the group.
3. Not to set special flag
: Pattern drive is finish.
4. MTSRS during linear interpolation drive
: Two axies decelerately stop at the same time.
ction & understand instruction
Motion command
S4 WORD
X, M, D, Z, UW, integer
Acceleration time
S On
■ Speed overide
Format : MTOVV S S1 • Speed overide
OP DATA type Available device / Description / Range
X, M, D, Z, UW, integer It converts the currently operating speed se
S WORD Channel(Ch1, Ch2) (unit set) to the other speed and operates
1~2
X, M, D, Z, UW, integer with the converted
speed speed.
S1 DWORD Drive speed
Change
0~100 kps speed
Initial
speed
D
Time
On
S On
Speed
Override
instuction
S Drive instruction
D Dwell signal
ction & understand instruction
Motion command
■ Error remove
Format : MTMEC S
OP DATA type Available device / Description / Range • Error remove instruction
X, M, D, Z, UW, integer
S WORD Channel(Ch1, Ch2) This instruction removes the error when err
1~2
flag occurs by error during motion drive.
ction & understand instruction
Motion command
X, M, D, Z, UW, integer
S4 WORD Acceleration time
Select acceleration time 1 to 5 in common configuration
S On
X, M, D, Z, UW, integer
S5 WORD Deceleration time C
Select deceleration time 1 to 5 in common configuration
S Drive instruction
D
Dwell signal
C Complete signal
ction & understand instruction
Motion command
■ Position override
Format : MTOVP S S1
OP DATA type Available device / Description / Range • Position override
X, M, D, Z, UW, integer
S WORD Channel(Ch1, Ch2) It changes the set target position to the
1~2
X, M, D, Z, UW, integer
designated speed
position byOrigin
the instruction.
target Changed
position position
S1 DWORD Changed position
-2,147,483,647 ~ 2,147,483,647 Set speed
D
time
On
S On
Position
Override
instruction
S Drive instruction
D Dwell signal
ction & understand instruction
Motion command
■ Emergency stop
Format : MTEMS S
OP DATA type Available device / Description / Range • Emergency stop instruction
X, M, D, Z, UW, integer
S WORD Channel(Ch1, Ch2) If there is emergency during motion positio
1~2
driving, you can stop all motion actions by
emergency stop instruction.
[Note]
When executing emergency stop instructio
all currently executing motion instructions
stop.
ction & understand instruction
Motion command
Item Description
Sequence Designation part for repeat connection information of current pattern with continue, repeat, or single.
information Continue: C, Repeat: R, Single: None (omissible)
Action list Designate action list number. (essential)
Signal of the number of Signal for dividing action list number and the number of repeat. If there is no number of repeat, please
repeat “-“ omit this.
The number of repeat The number of repeat for action list (omissible) ‘0’ means infinite repeat.
Sequence information Designate connect action for next pattern. If there is no next pattern, it is omissible.
(Next pattern)
Signal of pattern “,” Signal for dividing next unit action. If there is no next action, it is omissible.
ction & understand instruction
Motion command
C 5 ㅡ 2 R ,
C5-2R,2-3C,4
1st Repeats #5 action list twice with C(continue).
2nd After repeated second #5 action list, connects #2 action list with R(repeat).
3rd Repeats #2 action list three times with single. To repeat action list with
single, there should be start instruction to executes the action.
4th After repeated third #2 action list, connects #4 action list with C(continue).
5th Executes #4 action list once and completes this action.
ction & understand instruction
Motion command
C5-2R,2-3C,4
ction & understand instruction
Motion command
C ( 2-3R,C4-2 ) - 2 R ,
C(2-3R,C4-2)-2R,3-2
1st Repeats #2 action list three times with single.
To start or repeat action list with single, there should be start instruction to
execute the action.
2nd After repeated third #2 action list, connects #4 action list with R(repeat).
3rd Repeats #4 action list twice with C(continue).
4th 1st to 3rd steps are bound with start bracket “(” and end bracket “)” as a
ction & understand instruction
Motion command
C(2-3R,C4-2)-2R,3-2
ction & understand instruction
Motion command
Device
Name Function R/W
CH 1 CH 2
1: Use
Motion Axis R F100 F120
0: No Use
Moving
1: Moving
(Accelerating, Decelerating R F101 F121
2: Not Moving
Driving)
1: Accelerating
Accelerating R F102 F122
2: Not Accelerating
1: Driving with SET speed
Driving R F103 F123
0: Not Driving with SET speed
1: Decelerating
Decelerating R F104 F124
0: Not Decelerating
1: Dwelling
Dwelling R F105 F125
0: Not Dwelling
1: Completing
Completing R F106 F126
0: Not Completing
phic Drawing Example>
F502 or F504 F501 or F503 F66 or F76 F60 or F70 F62 or F72 F68 or F78
. Smart Studio Program
Driving – Graphic Drawing Example
. Smart Studio Program
-8 Motion Instruction (MTSRS)
Instruction: MTSRS S
OP DATA TYPE Device / Description / Range • Normal Stop Instruction
X, M, D, Z, UW, Constant Execute normal stop instruction
S WORD Channel (Ch1, Ch2)
To currently motion driving CH
1~2
[ Patter Stop]
1) F400 or F402 (Action List Stop) + FTSRS
: To execute next action list or group during executing pattern, use this instructions.
Setting
Speed
D
Time
On
S On
Decel. Stop
. Smart Studio Program
-8 Motion Instruction (MTOVV)
Speed
Changed
Speed
D
Initial
Setting
Drive Time
On
S On
Speed
Override
Instruction
. Smart Studio Program
-8 Motion Instruction (MTMEC)
Instruction: MTMEC S
M4
M101 M2 M1 M106 M3
M0
. Smart Studio Program
2-8 Motion Instruction (MTPDM)
Speed
Setting
Speed
D Time
On
S On
C
. Smart Studio Program
-8 Motion Instruction (MTOVP)
Speed
Original Position Changed Position
Changed
Speed
D Time
On
S On
Position
Override
Instruction
Smart Studio Program
-8 Motion Instruction (MTEMS)
[NOTE]
MTEMS instruction is for emergency stop without deceleration and dwell time.
It may cause malfunction to motors.
Smart Studio Program
dder Programming Practice 2>
. Smart Studio Program
<Graphic Drawing 2>
M7
Instruction: MTIDM S S1
• Indirect Designate Drive Instruction
To designate pattern list number
and operate motion.
[ Patter Stop]
1) F400 or F402 (Action List Stop) + FTSRS
: To execute next action list or group during executing pattern, use this instructions.
Y Axis
Y2
Y Axis Start
(X1, Y1)
Target
Y1
(X2, Y2)
XAxis
X1 X-axis moving X2
. Smart Studio Program
adder Programming Practice 3>
. Smart Studio Program
<Graphic Drawing 3
[NOTE]
Instruction: MTFOS S
• Forced Home Setting instruction
To set current position as designate origin
Position from “Common Configuration”
Smart Studio Program
-8 Motion Instruction (MTOBC)
M118 MB MC MD