Lesson 1.

The internet and the world

wide web
• The internet is a global system of
interconnected computers and interchange
thru a standard switching system known as
tcp/ip (transmission control protocol/internet
protocol)
• The internet is a large “network of networks.”
It is a collection of tens of thousands of
computers connected in a tangled web,
talking to one another through a common
communications protocol.
 Uses of the internet

• Communication – is the most popular internet activity.

You can send letters and cards to people thru E-mail.
• Information-you can research for various subjects and
interest. You can get news about politics, weather,
entertainment, sport and other current events.
• Entertainment-you can watch videos, movies, play
games and download music from the internet.
• E-commerce- electronic commerce or e-commerce,
business deals across the electronic network on the
internet has rebounded in strides over the years and
everyone with computer access to the internet can
now purchase goods on the internet.
• Services – you can access services like process
bank transactions, bills payment, transaction and
hotel reservations with on line payments using
credit cards.
• Education- on line trainings, short courses,
bachelor or master's degree can now acquired
thru the internet.
• Remote access- internet users may be able to
connect to their office or home computer using a
secure network and can have access to the
information including email on his laptop or
desktop even if he is far away or in another part
of the globe either on a business trip or vacation.
• Collaboration-the fast and cheap means of
sharing ideas skills and knowledge through the
internet has paved the way for collaborative work
of many expertise including the field of medicine,
science and of course computers. Example of this
is a free software such as Linux, open office.
• File sharing- is the ability to send and receive
digital files of work in progress or finished
products.
• Streaming media- radio stations and television
broadcasters have also embraced the internet
phenomenon and majority of them have
provided feeds of their program through the
internet.
 Types of communication
• Email (Microsoft outlook, Mozilla
thunderbird)-the transmission of electronic
messages over the internet with the capability
to send all types of electronic media including
text, photos, graphics, audio, video clips and
other files.
• Instant messaging (Yahoo messenger, window
live messenger and Skype)
• Blog (business blogs) this is a web site for people
with common interest and share their ideas and
opinions on this site.
• Discussion group- this is a web site for people
who are bonded together because of their
common interest.
• Internet telephony-VOIP (Voice over Internet
Protocol) is the name that refers to the
technology that allows the delivery of voice over
the internet. It is like using a telephone line. One
example of software that allows you to make
telephone calls over the internet is Skype.
• Internet is a network of interconnected
computers that is now global
• Internet born in 1969 - called ARPANET
• 1969 ARPANET was connection of computers
at UCLA, Stanford, UCSB,Univ. of Utah
 Computers late 60s & 70s

• No Personal Computers – all large mainframe

computers in late 60s
• Mid 1970s – initial personal computers
• – Altair: Box with blinking lights
• Late 1970s – Apple 2, first usable PC
 Personal Computing?

• • Just a box with

• blinking lights
• • Not where
• Networking/ Internet
• was being developed
 Internet - 1970s

• 1972 - Telnet developed as a way to connect

to remote computer
• 1972 – Email introduced
• – 1977 - U. Wisconsin has first “large” Email
system -
100 users
• 1973 – ARPANET goes international
• 1973 - File Transfer Protocol (FTP) established
 Computers 1980s

• 1981 – IBM PC
• 1984 – Apple Macintosh
• 1986 – Modem becomes option on PCs
 Internet 1990s

• 1991 - Tim Berners-Lee releases World Wide

• Web!
• – TBL is computer programmer at CERN, a physics lab
in
• Europe (new book Weaving the Web by TBL)
• 1993 - Mosaic (becomes Netscape) designed by
• graduate students at University of Illinois
• – first point-and-click browser
• – later developed into Netscape Navigator
• These are the two most significant events in the
formation of the WWW
 World Wide Web
• Via Internet, computers can contact each
• Other
• Public files on computers can be read by
• remote user
• – usually HyperText Markup Language (.html)
• URL - Universal Resource Locator - is
• name of file on a remote computer
• http://www.msu.edu/~urquhar5/tour/active.htm
l
 HTTP

• World Wide Web uses HTTP Servers, better

known as web server
• Receive HTTP type request and send
requested file in packets
 Web Browsers

• Mosaic (1993) was first point-and-click

browser
• Web browsers are the software we use to
• view web pages
• Netscape Navigator and Internet Explorer
are most popular
• Netscape Navigator was original, but
• Microsoft leveraged IE on market
 Computer History – 1990s

• Windows 95 GUI made computing easier

for PC-bound masses
• Windows 95 + Internet (AOL, others) 􀃆
• Huge increase in number of home PCs
• Computer on every desk in workplace
 Universal Resource Locator

• http://www.msu.edu/~urquhar5/tour/active.h
tml
www.msu.edu- Domain Name -name of remote
computer
• http://- identifies type of transfer
• /~urquhar5/tour/active.html-File Location on
Remote Computer
 CONNECTING TO INTERNET
Things needed to connect to the internet
1. Internet connection
2. Web Browser Software
3. ISP
4. Computer with modem
 Internet Connection
• To use the internet, one is required to have an
internet connection. Majority of the
telephone companies today are offering
several packages both for telephone and
internet services. They are relatively faster
and reliable compared to the ageing dial up
connection since they allow internet access 24
hours a day.
 Web Browser
• The most common Web Browser today is the
Microsoft Internet explorer. Other browser are
available for download from the internet and
most of them are free. A web browser is a
computer program that displays web pages and
allow you to interact with text, images, music
video and other resources found on a website on
the world wide web. These include Firefox,
Mozilla, safari and opera and other lesser known
or newly released web browser.
 EXAMPLES OF WEB BROWSER
• MS INTERNET EXPLORER- This is the widely used
web browser today. This program was developed
by Microsoft and included in the Windows
operating system program.
• OPERA- This is a web browser with Internet
related programs, free for personal computers
and cellular phones. Opera will run on Microsoft
Windows, Mac OSX, Linux, Solaris and others.
Opera is commonly used in mobile phones, smart
phones and PDAs.
• MOZILLA FIREFOX- This is the second most
popular web browser. It is a free and open source
web browser and can run on Windows, Max OS,
Linux and other Linux based computers.
• SAFARI-This is a web browser developed by Apple
, Inc for Max OS, Windows XP and Vista operating
systems as well as for iPhone and iPod Touch.
• GOOGLE CHROME-This is a web browser recently
released by Google.
• NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR- This was the web
browser used in the 1990’s
 Parts of a Web Browser
• Title bar- shows the name of the web page
and browser that is currently displayed
• Toolbar- contains various buttons for
frequently used tasks.
• Scroll bar- moves the page up, down, right and
left to display other parts of the page.
• Display area- display the texts, graphics and
links.
• Status bar- displays the information about the
web page and links.
• Start button and task bar- shows the start
button and the open web pages and open
files.
 WEB BROWSER TOOLBAR ELEMENTS
• Address box or url bar- allows you to enter the
URL or address of the Websites.
• Back navigation button- moves the webpage
backwards to view the pages you have
previously seen.
• Forward navigation button-moves to the page
before you pressed the back navigation
button.
 WEB BROWSER TOOLBAR ELEMENTS
• Favorites-views favorites, feeds and history.
• Add to favorites-add urls that you want to
revisit in the future.
• Home button- appears every time you start
your browser.
• Print- prints contents of a web page.
• Page-contains commands such as new,
window, cut, copy, paste, send, save, zoom.
• Tools- contains tools such as delete, browsing
history, yahoo services.
• Search-allows you to type the topic you want
to search
• Sizing and close- Minimizes, Maximizes and
closes webpage.
• Stop button- allows you to stop a page that
takes too long to appear.
 ISP
• Internet Service Provider or ISP is a company
that provides internet connection services for
individuals to be able to access the internet.
Some examples of ISPs are smart broadband,
PLDT, Infocom and Pacific Internet.
 Computer with modem
• You should have a a computer to be able to
connect to the internet. You should also have
a Modulator/Demodulator or modem. A
modem is a machine that sends and receives
data over telephone lines to and from
computers.
TYPES OF INTERNET CONNECTION
• Dial up access – this connection uses the
telephone line to access the internet, the dial
up modem literary dials the internet service
provider node to connect to the internet. This
technology is cheap but quite slow and is
being replaced by other faster means,
however it is still being used in places wherein
broadband connection is not available.
• DSL (Direct Subscriber Line) – this is a high
speed digital data transmission technology
using the telephone network. The ordinary
telephone network transmits voice using low
frequency whereas the data transmission uses
high frequency signals, making it possible to
send both signals altogether in the same line.
• Wireless Internet Service Provider (WISP)- This
is internet service provided by companies
around the wireless networking technology.
• WIFI –this internet access is provided within
range of a wireless network called WIFI Hotspot.
• Satellite Internet- this is a means to get
connected to the internet using a satellite
internet dish that obtains signal directly from an
orbiting satellite. This service is usually used in
areas where there are no existing land based
internet, vessels at sea and even on land vehicles.
• Cellular Broadband- these cellular phone towers
are widespread and these networks can likewise
support both voice and data communication.
 Internet Speed
• BANDWIDTH – is a measure of data flow of the
internet and other digital network in bits of data
per second, in kilobits per second (Kbps) or
megabits per second (Mbps). They are both
second and one million bits per second
respectively.
• Narrowband and broadband- dial up connection
has a low rate of 56 kbps at this rate the data
flow is considered and is called narrowband.
• Direct Subscriber Line- DSL internet
connection is measured in Mbps and is
considered as high speed and has greater
information capacity called broadband.
 LESSON 3
HOW THE INTERNET WORKS