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Load Temperature Rise Test

This document discusses different methods for conducting temperature rise tests on transformers: 1) Open circuit, short circuit, back to back, and delta/delta tests are described to obtain temperature rise and determine losses. 2) The open circuit test measures core losses by applying voltage to one winding and keeping the other open. 3) The short circuit test determines copper losses by applying voltage to induce rated current and shorting the other winding. 4) Back to back and delta/delta tests apply rated voltage and current conditions to both windings to simulate full load and measure losses. Temperature rise is recorded over time to determine thermal time constant.

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Chinthan HB
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59 views10 pages

Load Temperature Rise Test

This document discusses different methods for conducting temperature rise tests on transformers: 1) Open circuit, short circuit, back to back, and delta/delta tests are described to obtain temperature rise and determine losses. 2) The open circuit test measures core losses by applying voltage to one winding and keeping the other open. 3) The short circuit test determines copper losses by applying voltage to induce rated current and shorting the other winding. 4) Back to back and delta/delta tests apply rated voltage and current conditions to both windings to simulate full load and measure losses. Temperature rise is recorded over time to determine thermal time constant.

Uploaded by

Chinthan HB
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Load Temperature Rise Test

Of Transformer

By:- CHINTHAN H B
1JB17EE408
Temperature Rise Test
 The temperature rise test is one of the type tests
which confirms the design for temperature rise. The is
called as Heat run test. The test simulates the
conditions of continuous rated load and occurrence of
temperature rise
 For standard tank, the dissipation constant is known.
in such case it is necessary to measure only
transformer losses and to calculate the temperature
rise of the coil and winding on continuous loading
For non-standard tank, it is necessary to carry our
temperature rise on the transformer and different
methods to obtain the temperature rise are as follows
• Short circuit test
• Open circuit test
• Back to Back test
• Delta/Delta test
Open circuit test

 The connection diagram for open circuit test on transformer is


shown in the figure. A voltmeter, wattmeter, and an ammeter are
connected in LV side of the transformer as shown. The voltage at
rated frequency is applied to that LV side with the help of a variac
of variable ratio auto transformer.
 The HV side of the transformer is kept open. Now with the help
of variac, applied voltage gets slowly increased until the
voltmeter gives reading equal to the rated voltage of the LV side.
After reaching rated LV side voltage, we record all the three
instruments reading (Voltmeter,Ammeter and Wattmeter readings)
 The ammeter reading gives the no load current Ie. As no load
current Ie is quite small compared to rated current of the
transformer the voltage drops due to this current that can be
taken as negligible.
 Since voltmeter reading V1 can be considered equal to the
secondary induced voltage of the transformer, wattmeter reading
indicates the input power during the test. As the transformer is
open circuited, there is no output, hence the input power here
consists of core losses in transformer and copper loss in
transformer during no load condition.
 The no-load current in the transformer is quite small compared to
the full load current so, we can neglect the copper loss due to the
no-load current. Hence, can take the wattmeter reading as equal
to the core losses in the transformer.
 Therefore it is seen that the open circuit test on transformer is
used to determine core losses in transformer and parameters of
the shunt branch of the equivalent circuit of the transformer.
Short Circuit Test

 The connection diagram for short circuit test on transformer is shown in the
figure. A voltmeter, wattmeter, and an ammeter are connected in HV side of
the transformer as shown.
 The voltage at rated frequency is applied to that HV side with the help of a
variac of variable ratio auto transformer. We short-circuit the LV side of the
transformer. Now with the help of variac applied voltage is slowly increased
until the wattmeter, and an ammeter gives reading equal to the rated current of
the HV side.
 After reaching rated current of HV side, we record all the three instruments
reading (Voltmeter, Ammeter and Watt-meter readings). The ammeter reading
gives the primary equivalent of full load current IL.
 As the voltage applied for full load current in short circuit
test on transformer is quite small compared to the rated
primary voltage of the transformer, the core losses in
transformer can be taken as negligible here.
 Let’s say, voltmeter reading is Vsc. The watt-meter reading
indicates the input power during the test. As we have short-
circuited the transformer, there is no output; hence the input
power here consists of copper losses in the transformer.
 Since the applied voltage Vsc is short circuit voltage in the
transformer and hence it is quite small compared to the
rated voltage, so, we can neglect the core loss due to the
small applied voltage. Hence the wattmeter reading can be
taken as equal to copper losses in the transformer
 Hence the short-circuit test of a transformer is used to
determine copper losses in the transformer at full load. It is
also used to obtain the parameters to approximate the
equivalent circuit of a transformer.
Back to Back test or Sumpner's Test

 Sumpner's test or back to back test can be employed only when


two identical transformers are available. Both transformers are
connected to supply such that one transformer is loaded on
another.
 Primaries of the two identical transformers are connected in
parallel across a supply. Secondaries are connected in series such
that emf's of them are opposite to each other. Another low voltage
supply is connected in series with secondaries to get the readings.
 In the diagram, T1 and T2 are identical transformers. Secondaries of
them are connected in voltage opposition, i.e. EEF and EGH. Both the
emf's cancel each other, as transformers are identical. In this case, as
per superposition theorem, no current flows through secondary. And
thus the no load test is simulated.
 The current drawn from V1 is 2I0, where I0 is equal to no load
current of each transformer. Thus input power measured by
wattmeter W1 is equal to iron losses of both transformers.
i.e. iron loss per transformer Pi = W1/2.

 Now, a small voltage V2 is injected into secondary with the help of a


low voltage transformer. The voltage V2 is adjusted so that, the rated
current I2 flows through the secondary.
 In this case, both primaries and secondaries carry rated current.
Thus short circuit test is simulated and wattmeter W2 shows total full
load copper losses of both transformers.
i.e. copper loss per transformer PCu = W2/2.
Delta/Delta test

 In this method the Full rated voltage is applied to one winding


Which accounts for full load iron losses. By external source full
load current is circulated in another winding,Which accounts for
full load copper losses.
 As current circulated in winding the temperature in the winding
rises Record the temperature of the winding for every 15mins till it
reaches steady value.Time take to reach the final temperature is
Thermal time constant.
THANK YOU

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