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Solution

The document defines and provides formulas for calculating different units of concentration in solutions, including: - Percent by mass/weight, which is the ratio of mass of solute to total solution mass. - Percent by volume, which is the ratio of volume of solute to total solution volume. - Mole fraction, which is the ratio of moles of a solute to total moles in solution. - Molality, which is moles of solute per kg of solvent. - Molarity, which is moles of solute per liter of solution. It then provides examples of calculations using these units of concentration.

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96 views8 pages

Solution

The document defines and provides formulas for calculating different units of concentration in solutions, including: - Percent by mass/weight, which is the ratio of mass of solute to total solution mass. - Percent by volume, which is the ratio of volume of solute to total solution volume. - Mole fraction, which is the ratio of moles of a solute to total moles in solution. - Molality, which is moles of solute per kg of solvent. - Molarity, which is moles of solute per liter of solution. It then provides examples of calculations using these units of concentration.

Uploaded by

Maricon Villalobos Ruperez
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Units of Concentration

The concentration of a solution is the amount of


solute present in a given quantity of solvent or
solution.

- also called percent by weight or weight


percent
- it is the ratio of the mass of solute to the
mass of solution multiplied by 100%
%mass = mass of solute x 100
mass solute + mass solvent

mass of solute
Percent by mass = ´ 100
mass of solution
1. What is the percent-by-mass concentration of
glucose in a solution made my dissolving 9.5 g of
glucose in 79.5 g of water?

2. The dehydrated form of Epson salt is


magnesium sulfate. What is the percent
MgSO4 by mass in a solution made from
20.0 g MgSO4 and 100 mL of water at 25°C?
ρwater @ 25°C = 0.997 g/mL.

3. An aqueous solution contains 167.0 g CuSO4


in 820 mL solution. The density of the
solution is 1.195 g/mL. Calculate the
percent CuSO4 by mass in the solution
volume of solute
Percent by volume = ´ 100
volume of solution

Calculate the volume percent of solute in


80.0 mL of methyl alcohol in enough water
to give 870 mL of solution.
 - the ratio of the number moles of a given
component of a mixture to the number of
moles of all components
moles A
Mole fraction (  A ) =
total moles of solution

A solution of phosphoric acid was made by dissolving


9.00 g of H3PO4 in 150.0 mL of water. Calculate the mole
fraction of H3PO4. (Assume water has a density of 1.00
g/mL.)
- also called molal concentration
- is a measure of the concentration of solute in a solution
in terms of amount of substance in a specified
amount of mass of sovent

molality = moles of solute


Kg of solvent

A solution of phosphoric acid was made by


dissolving 8.00 g of H3PO4 in 100.0 mL of water.
Calculate the molality of the solution. (Assume
water has a density of 1.00 g/mL.)
 9.00 g H3PO4 × (1 mol / 98 g H3PO4) = 0.0918 mol
H3PO4

 150.0 mL H2O × (1.00 g H2O / mL) × (1 kg / 1000 g)


= 0.1500 kg H2O

 Molality = 0.0918 mol H3PO4 / 0.1000 kg H2O] =


0.918 m
• Also called molar concentration
• Moles of solute in a solution divided by the liters of
solution.
moles of solute
Molarity (M) =
liters of solution
You have 5.00 mol of sugar in 750.0 mL of solution.
Calculate the concentration in units of molarity.

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