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James Brooks BME 281 Presentation 1

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow direct communication between the brain and external devices. The history of BCIs began in 1924 with the invention of electroencephalography and research in the 1960s-1980s that showed monkeys could control devices with their neural activity. Current applications of BCIs include medical rehabilitation for patients with brain injuries or motor impairments, communication for people with disabilities, and gaming. BCIs can be invasive, non-invasive, or partially invasive and each method presents different accuracy and health risks. Open questions remain around the ethics of BCIs regarding consent, risks versus benefits, and privacy of thoughts. The future may include greater BCI uses for gaming, device control, internet access, and neural prosthetics

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81 views12 pages

James Brooks BME 281 Presentation 1

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) allow direct communication between the brain and external devices. The history of BCIs began in 1924 with the invention of electroencephalography and research in the 1960s-1980s that showed monkeys could control devices with their neural activity. Current applications of BCIs include medical rehabilitation for patients with brain injuries or motor impairments, communication for people with disabilities, and gaming. BCIs can be invasive, non-invasive, or partially invasive and each method presents different accuracy and health risks. Open questions remain around the ethics of BCIs regarding consent, risks versus benefits, and privacy of thoughts. The future may include greater BCI uses for gaming, device control, internet access, and neural prosthetics

Uploaded by

Sumanta Bhattacharyya
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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James Brooks

BME 281 Presentation 1


What are BCI?
 Brain-computer
interfaces are direct
pathways of
communication between
the brain and some
external device.
 Robotic arms
History
 1924 – Invention of Electroencephalography (EEG, Hans
Berger)
 Identified “brain waves”, led to brain mapping
 1969 – UWash School of Medicine “showed monkeys could
control biofeedback meter arm with neural activity [2]”
 1970s – research into teaching monkeys to control their
firing patterns and get rewards
 Developed algorithms for neural firing patterns
 1980s – found a relationship function(cosine-based) for
electrical responses and corresponding movement in rhesus
macaque monkeys
Medical Rehabilitation Uses
 Brain damaged by stroke
 BCI used to teach patient
how to move muscles to
which the brain has
forgotten how to control
Communication
 Communication with
patients that have
motor-neural disabilities
 Locked-In Syndrome
 Attach patient to BCI,
output as cursor
movement
Gaming
 Mindflex – EEG
controlled obstacle
course (2007)
 OCZ Technology (2008)
created a device for
playing games controlled
by EMG
 NeuroSky – Star Wars
Force Trainer (2009)
Invasive(I) BCI
 Most accurate signal
 Accuracy fades over
time
 Damage to the brain,
bodies defenses attack
foreign object, scar tissue
 Most risky
 Can cause damage to
brain, leaves brain
exposed
Non-Invasive(NI) BCI
 Less accurate signal
 Cranium alters the signals that are picked up from the
brain, can cause problems
 Less risky
 Brain isn’t exposed, less risk to overall health
Partially Invasive BCI
 More accurate than NI-BCI, more risky
 Less accurate than I-BCI, less risky
 Placed under the skull, but not in the brain
 Electrocorticography, like non-invasive EEG
 This technique was used when the neural differences
between vowels and consonants were discovered
Ethical Considerations
 How can you obtain consent for a BCI from someone
that can’t communicate?
 Do the benefits outweigh the risks?
 What happens if someone wants to keep a thought
secret and BCI detects it?
 What is the limit of what we will do with BCI?
 Could people use BCI to interrogate someone?
Future
 Gaming
 Remote control through the brain of devices
 Internet access for the brain
 Neural controlled prosthetics
References
1. Andersson P, Pluim J, Viergever M, Ramsey N. Navigation of a
Telepresence Robot via Covert Visuospatial Attention and Real-
time fMRI.
<www.springlink.com/conttent/41458747m3t57461/fulltext.pdf
>
2. Wikipedia: Brain-Computer Interfaces.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brain-computer_interface>
3. Kaufmann T, Völker S, Gunesch L, Kübler A. Spelling is Just a
Click Away- A User-Centred Brain-Computer Interface
Including Auto-Calibration and Predictive Text Entry.
<http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3400942/>
4. Kübler A, Neumann N. Brain Computer Interfaces—the Key for
the Conscious Brain Locked in a Paralyzed Body.
<www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16186045>

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