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Sugar Industry

Sugar is obtained from sugarcane and sugar beet plants. India is the second largest producer of sugarcane after Brazil. Sugarcane is harvested and transported to mills for processing. It is crushed, shredded and pressed to extract juice which is clarified, filtered and crystallized to obtain raw sugar. Raw sugar is further refined by melting, evaporating and recrystallizing to produce white refined sugar. Byproducts like molasses and bagasse are also produced. Proper storage is required to maintain the quality of sugar.

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Nikhil Tanwar
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131 views40 pages

Sugar Industry

Sugar is obtained from sugarcane and sugar beet plants. India is the second largest producer of sugarcane after Brazil. Sugarcane is harvested and transported to mills for processing. It is crushed, shredded and pressed to extract juice which is clarified, filtered and crystallized to obtain raw sugar. Raw sugar is further refined by melting, evaporating and recrystallizing to produce white refined sugar. Byproducts like molasses and bagasse are also produced. Proper storage is required to maintain the quality of sugar.

Uploaded by

Nikhil Tanwar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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SUGAR INDUSTRY

What is sugar
Sucrose is a disaccharide that
occurs naturally in most fruits and
vegetables
Chemical formula c12H22O11
Molecular weight – 342
Density = 1.58 kg/m3
TYPES OF SUGAR
Raw Sugar
Refined Sugar

Brown Sugar
Raw sugar is the pre stage of final refined sugar.
Raw sugar is cane sugar in its middle form
before being refined. The raw sugar is made in a
sugar cane milling area, and is tan colored in
appearance due to the evaporation of disinfected
sugar cane juice.

Refined sugar is sugar that has been


purified through a process. We call that Brown sugar crystals are sugar crystals that have a
pure cane sugar. molasses coating with its natural flavor and color.
Another way is when the molasses is spun with the
white sugar crystals until it has become dry. The
Turbinado Sugar excess molasses syrup is what gives the sugar the
brown color.

Turbinado sugar is the raw sugar crystal that have gone through the refinery stage to
give it the light tan color by having it placed in a centrifuge machine to take out the
molasses contained on the surface.
India is 2nd largest producer of sugarcane
next to Brazil
5

Generally sugar obtained from


plants, largely sugarcane & sugar
beet plant.
India single largest producers of
traditional cane sugar Sweetners
and Gur.
6
Various Products from Sugarcane
Sugarcane

Gur Molasses Baggasses

- Used as -Used as
-Most popular in replacement of coal
cattle food
India in specialized boilers
- Used in
alcohol -Used to produced
- Its used in Ayurvedic
industries elctricity
medicine - Used in -Used for producing

production of paper and ceiling


ethanol
7
8
FLOW DIAGRAM
11
Harvesting Of Sugarcane
• Two types
– Manual
– Mechanical

12
13

Transport and Handling

• Animal driven carts


• Trolleys
• Trucks
Material Handling and Storage
Washing
Cutting of Canes

•The cutter consists of knives on a cylindrical shaft


which rotate at a velocity of 400 to 500 rpm.
• The knives cut the canes into small pieces.
17

Crusher
 Canes are shredded here.
 It consists of two rollers rotating in opposite
direction.
Shredding

• To remove leaves and nodes


• Hammer mill shredder
Crushing

•Canes are shredded here.


• It consists of two rollers
rotating in opposite
direction.
Milling (Series of Pressure mills)

• Crushed canes are passed through four


pressure mills to extract juice.
• Each pressure mill is made up of cast iron
rolls.
• Rolls are grooved and the width decreases
from first roll to the last.
• Make up water added in the third and fourth
mill is recycled back to the first two mills.
• About 85-90% of juice present in cane is
extracted.
21
PRODUCTS OF MILLS
USE OF BAGASSE

• Stored in bagasse storage


• Used as fuel to generate steam
• Steam used for
– Generating electricity
– Evaporation of juice before crystallization
Clarification

• To remove non-sugars and impurities


– Liming
– Sulphitation
– Phosphatation
– Carbonation
FILTRATION

• Mud from
clarifier still
contain some
residual juice
• Filtered to
extract residual
juice in Rotary
Vacuum Filters
CRYSTALLIZATION

• Carried out in single effect high-vacuum boiling


pans
• Brix are increased from 65ᴼ to 75ᴼ by boiling at
60ᴼC
• Three stages of crystallization
– Nucleation
– Initiation
– elongation
CONT…
• Massecuite
– mixture of crystals and mother liquor
(molasses) resulting from the
crystallization
• Transferred to crystallizer at low
temprature

27
FLOW DIAGRAM

28
CENTRIFUGATION
• Separate sugar from molasses
• Centrifuge operates at 100-1800 rpm
• Molasses pass through perforations
• Sugar crystals are
washed with 85ᴼC water
• Raw sugar and molasses

29
30
FLOW DIAGRAM

31
DRYING AND PACKAGING
• Sugar tumbled through
large cylindrical dryers
• Sorting
• Packaging

32
33
34
MELTING
• Affinated sugar dissolved
with hot condensate to
conc. of 72ᴼ brix
• Melted at 85ᴼC in Batch or
continuous melter

35
EVAPORATION &
CRYSTALLIZATION

• Sugar syrup evaporated up to super saturation


Crystallization
• Centrifugation to obtain refined sugar crystals

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37

DRYING AND STORAGE

• Bucket elevator on conveyer


• Hot air for drying
• Sieving
– Fine, medium and bold grains
• Storage in godowns
– Cool, dry, moisture and odor free
PACKAGING

• Containers opaque, airtight, moisture/odor proof


• Glass canning jars or cans for liquid sugars

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RAW & REFINED SUGAR

• Raw sugar
• Obtained directly from sugarcane juice without
refining
• Most natural sugar
• Brown in color due to molasses
• Refined sugar
• Have white luster and transparent
• Bleached to remove color and other impurities
FACTORS AFFECTING SUGAR
STORAGE 40

• Temperature
• Moisture
• Quality of sugar
• Light
• Grain size and distribution
• Compression

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