2013 Thane

Building
Collapse
Building Collapsed!!!
At 6:30 pm IST (13:00 UTC) on 4 April
2013, a building collapsed in the Shil
Phata area of Mumbra, a suburb of
Thane in Maharashtra, India. Shil Phata,
Mumbra,
Mumbai

The building collapsed quickly.

First, a section of the building collapsed, it tilted,

and then the entire building was brought down.

A witness described the event, "The building

collapsed like a pack of cards within three to four
seconds."
2010 Bombay High Court order
 The total number of illegal structures are estimated to be about 490,000 in the Thane district

 Although the court ordered demolition of all such buildings in 2010, the government's response was that no
illegal structures built before 2001 would be demolished and no action was taken in response to this
judgement.

2012 illegal building information

 In December 2012 Legislator Pratap Sarnaik obtained information, in accordance with the Right to
Information Act, about the scope of the construction of illegal buildings in the Thane district. The following
was reported in The Hindu for Thane's divisions:

 For the nine divisions under the corporation last year, 505 illegal buildings were demolished, there was
action against 829 (which does not mean they were demolished), and in December, 2012 alone, 104 illegal
constructions were detected. The year round 146 buildings were given notices, and 53 cases of violations
were filed under the Maharashtra Regional and Town Planning Act and 83 cases registered under the
Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation Act.
Casualties!!!
 Seventy-four people

(18 children
33 men
23 women) were Died!

 While more than 100 survived.

 Why did the buidling collapse?
 The building collapse appeared to be the result

Of poor-quality building material

Having been "weakly built"

 Lawful building construction in Thane district requires blueprints to be filed and approved by
municipal agencies and permits obtained to connect electricity, water and sewage services.
The builders did not file the blueprints in this case.
Building Occupied while Under Construction..!!
 The building containing offices and apartments was under construction for six weeks prior to the disaster,
but there are varying reports on the extent of the construction completion.

 "Twenty-five tenements on five storeys were complete and the sixth and seventh floors were under
construction." Although there was no occupancy certificate.

 The first four storeys of the building were illegally inhabited by site construction workers and families. In
addition to families of construction workers, there were also families headed by rickshaw drivers and those
whose children attended tuition classes in the building.

 It is believed that the builder wanted the building to be inhabited to prevent it being demolished.

 The developers, who intended to build up to 8 such illegal buildings, intended to sell the apartments for
₹1,100 to ₹1,400 per square foot. On average, the apartments were 175 square feet.
 The prevalence of illegal housing in India is due to a lack of housing coupled with high population growth,
illegal buildings are attractive to lower-income people because of the low housing costs.

 Many people moved to the greater Mumbai area in search of jobs, and without affordable housing,
thousands sleep in slums or on the streets.

 The Ministry of Housing and Urban Poverty Alleviation reports that there are approximately 19 million
families with inadequate housing. To meet the demands, there are many buildings constructed illegally.

 Further, some builders do not follow proper building practices and laws, or execute proper safety measures.

 Poor construction materials are also to blame in these circumstances. Within the Mumbai region there are
estimated to be hundreds of illegal structures. "allege that unscrupulous builders often pay hefty bribes to
authorities who turn a blind eye to these illegal structures and do not take any action against the builders."
 Suspect...!
 Jamil or Jameel Qureshi & Salim Shaikh or Sheikh
Builders
6 April 2013  Afroz Alam Ansari
He is charged with culpable homicide, not amounting to murder. Building material supplier
7 April 2013
Qureshi said that 22 of the 74 people killed were his relatives.
Ansari supplied low cost building material.

 Farooq Abdul Latif Chapra

Made building plans
9 April 2013
Called the "fake architect", he has no degree in architecture but created the building plan.
On the date of arrest he was 59

 Ramdas Burud
Employee of Thane Municipal Corporation
14 April 2013
 Subhash Waghmare Burud would regularly demand money from Qureshi who maintained a
Employee of Thane Municipal Corporation record of the cash paid to the officials.
14 April 2013
Waghmare's name figured in the diary of builder Jameel Qureshi who bribed civic
officials to overlook violations in the construction of the seven-storey building.
Building By Laws

The Building By laws are defined as the standards & specifications designed to grant minimum safeguards to the
workers during construction, to the health & comfort of the users & to provide enough safety to the public in
general.

These are the laws or Guidelines or certain restrictions laid down by Municipal bodies, Urban

development authorities and other government departments as town planning trusts.

• The regulation set out the basic requirements to be observed in the design and construction of buildings.

• They are applied to new building and also to extensions, material alterations, and certain changes of use of
existing buildings.
Building By Laws Objectives

 Allows disciplined and systematic growth of buildings and towns and prevent haphazard development.

 Protect safety of public against fire, noise, health hazards and structural failures.

 Provide proper utilization of space. Hence, maximum efficiency in planning can be derived from these by laws

 They give guidelines to the architect or an engineer in effective planning and useful in pre planning the building
activities.

 They provide health, safety and comfort to the people who live in buildings.

 Due to these by-laws, each building will have proper approaches, light, air and ventilation which are essential
for health, safety and comfort.
Building By Laws - Need & importance

• Building by laws are made to ensure orderly development of localities in urban areas so that every houses is
assured of good ventilation and no building affects the lighting and ventilation of neighbors.

• There has to be laws or regulations binding on the prospective builders, if not, the building constructed will
be Un-scientific, Unhealthy and Inconvenient for the people to occupy.

• The building must get sufficient sunshine, air and ventilation.

• Open spaces should be well planned.

• The buildings should create better environment.

• The buildings should be located in healthy surroundings and should have an aesthetic appearance.
Formulation of Building by laws
• The powers to formulate & enforce the building bye laws lie in the municipal legislation/acts of local
government or development authority within its jurisdiction or the municipal acts of State Govt.

• Central Government plays more of a guiding role by preparing model municipal act, building codes and the
revisions to be made with changing needs of hour.

• Buildings Bye Laws Are Drawn Up By A Panel Experts In Various Branches Of The Building Industry Such As:

• Town Planning
• Architecture
•Civil Engineering
• Electrical Engineering
• Air-conditioning
•Fire-fighting and administration etc.
TAHNK YOU
BY PRATEEK RANA
GOURAV SINGHAL
NIKHILA M B