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Thermoelectric Generators

Thermoelectric generators directly convert temperature differences into electrical energy through the Seebeck effect. They have no moving parts and can operate 24/7 to power electronics using waste heat. The simplest design uses thermocouples of N-type and P-type semiconductors connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel, so that a voltage is generated proportional to the temperature gradient across the circuit. While efficient, TEGs also have disadvantages like low efficiency and high cost. Potential applications include powering devices in remote locations and converting waste heat to electricity.

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Husnain Nawaz Siddiqui
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1K views11 pages

Thermoelectric Generators

Thermoelectric generators directly convert temperature differences into electrical energy through the Seebeck effect. They have no moving parts and can operate 24/7 to power electronics using waste heat. The simplest design uses thermocouples of N-type and P-type semiconductors connected electrically in series and thermally in parallel, so that a voltage is generated proportional to the temperature gradient across the circuit. While efficient, TEGs also have disadvantages like low efficiency and high cost. Potential applications include powering devices in remote locations and converting waste heat to electricity.

Uploaded by

Husnain Nawaz Siddiqui
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Thermoelectric Generators

• A thermoelectric generator (TEG), also called


a Seebeck generator, is a solid state device that
converts heat flux (temperature differences)
directly into electrical energy through a
phenomenon called the Seebeck effect (a form
of thermoelectric effect).
• Basic principles are:-
Seebeck effect (power generation) and
Peltier effect ( Heating and cooling purposes)
Working of Thermal Electric Generator
• It is based on SEEBECK EFFECT.
• Heat is applied to a circuit at junction of different conductors a
current will be generated.
• THOMAS JOHANN SEEBECK invented Seebeck effect in 1822.
• The Magnitude of voltage generated is proportional to
temperature difference and depended on type of the
conducting material
• Seebeck coefficient defined as the open circuit voltage
produced between two points on a conductor when a uniform
temperature difference of 1k is applied between those points.
Seebeck Effect
• The simplest thermo electric generator consist
of thermocouple of n type and p type
elements connected electrically in series and
thermally in parallel.
• Heat is input from one side and rejected from
other side.
• A voltage will be generated across
Thermocouple.
• The magnitude of the voltage is proportional
to the temperature gradient.
Working principle
THERMO ELECTRIC HEATING AND COOLING

• These are based on PELTIER EFFECT


• That is current is passes through a two dissimilar
conductors there will be a rise or fall of
temperature at junction depending on direction of
current flow
• Peltier effect discovered by Jean Peltier in 1834
• Electrons moved from p type to n type, material
absorbing thermal energy from cold junctions.
• Electrons dump their extra energy at hot junction.
Peltier Effect
Advantage
•  Solid state construction, no moving part, no vibration. 
• Available 24 hours a day. 
• No noise and low maintenance. 
• Convenient power supply. 
• Stabilize temperature of devices.
•  Increase operation life under all environment. 
• Space and military applications.
•  Performance output highly scalable. 
• Waste Heat – Electricity. 
• Space requirement is only 1/20th of a solar cell.
•  Portable power.
•  Less weight than a battery.
Disadvantage
• Low efficiency.
• High cost.
• High output resistance.
• Adverse thermal conditions
Applications
Conclusion
• TEG to supply low power electronics ( milli
watts).
• Waste heat conversion to useful energy would
be beneficial to present energy crisis.
• Introduction of nanotechnology.
• Development in future will lead to interesting
applications.

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