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P6 New

The document discusses the basics of pneumatic actuators and air cylinders, including how they work directly through a directional control valve or indirectly through additional components like relays. It also covers pneumatic circuit design, explaining how to understand requirements, identify needed components, draw the circuit diagram, simulate it, and test the physical circuit. The document provides examples of pneumatic circuits and their operation to illustrate how to solve pneumatic system problems through circuit design.

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229 views42 pages

P6 New

The document discusses the basics of pneumatic actuators and air cylinders, including how they work directly through a directional control valve or indirectly through additional components like relays. It also covers pneumatic circuit design, explaining how to understand requirements, identify needed components, draw the circuit diagram, simulate it, and test the physical circuit. The document provides examples of pneumatic circuits and their operation to illustrate how to solve pneumatic system problems through circuit design.

Uploaded by

adaptive4u4527
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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https://library.automationdirect.

com/pneumatic-actuator-air-cylinder-basics/
P6
Produce a circuit diagram to meet a given pneumatic system specification

Lesson Objectives
• Understand the given pneumatic circuit specification
• Identify the components required to solve the pneumatic problem
• Draw the pneumatic circuit as per the specification
• Simulate the pneumatic circuit using FluidSim
• Build and test the pneumatic circuit on Festo Station
Pneumatic Circuit Structure
Steps
 Understand the given problem (what are the requirement/specifications)

List out the components required with their symbols

Draw the circuit diagram as per the specification

Simulate the circuit

Test the functioning of the circuit on the Festo Station


Problem 1
When a push button is pressed, a single acting cylinder is to extend and
when push button is released, the cylinder is to retract. While retracting,
the cylinder should retract slowly.

Components:

Circuit:
Simulate
Problem 2
A double acting cylinder is to extend when a push button is pressed.
When the push button is released, the cylinder retracts. The cylinder is of
small bore (25 mm diameter requiring a small flow rate to operate at the
correct speed.
Components:

Circuit:
Simulate
Modifications:
•Modify this circuit and use 3/2-way valve.
•One manual operated and other lever limit switch valve.
•The cylinder should operate automatically.
Activity
For safety reasons, the entrance door to a storeroom in a
supermarket must open and close slowly. A double-acting
cylinder is used to slide the door.

An incomplete circuit
is shown. Complete
the circuit diagram
then build and test
the circuit.
Describe the
operation of the
circuit.
Valve A Valve B
Direct Control of Pneumatic Cylinder
The cylinder is operated directly by the directional control valve.
The cylinder is actuated manually or mechanically actuated valve without any
intermediate component (additional valve directional control valve/relay/PLC).
When:
Cylinder with piston diameter smaller than 40 mm
Valves with connection sizes smaller than ¼ inch
Low flow rates
No remote control is required
Advantages
Cheap
Easy
Indirect Control of Pneumatic Cylinder
The cylinder is operated indirectly by the directional control valve.
The cylinder is actuated by pneumatically operated directional valve which actually
controlled via a smaller valve.
When:
Cylinder with piston diameter larger
Valves with connection sizes smaller than ¼ inch
High flow rates
Remote control is required
Advantages
Can switch more than one valve at a time
Latching is possible
Remote control is possible
Problem 3
A double acting cylinder is to extend when a push button is
pressed. When the push button is released, the cylinder retracts.
The cylinder is of 250 mm in diameter and consumes a large
volume of air.

Components
Shuttle Valve
Problem 4: (page 76)
The piston rod of a double acting cylinder is to extend when a
3/2 roller valve is actuated and the push button of 3/2-way
roller lever valve is actuated. If either of the two are released,
the cylinder is to retract to initial position.
Components

Two Pressure Valve


A) when a push button is pressed, a single acting cylinder is to
extend and when push button is released, the cylinder is to
retract. While retracting, the cylinder should retract slowly.
https://library.automationdirect.com/pneumatic-actuator-air-cylinder-basics/
P6
Produce a circuit diagram to meet a given pneumatic system specification

Lesson Objectives
• Understand the given electro pneumatic circuit specification
• Identify the components required to solve the electro pneumatic problem
• Draw the electro pneumatic circuit as per the specification
• Simulate the electro pneumatic circuit using FluidSim
• Build and test the electro pneumatic circuit on Festo Station
Electro-Pneumatic
It is controlling Pneumatic systems using electrical means.

Electrical signal can be AC or DC (12V to 220 V).

Solenoid is used as an interface between electrical and pneumatics.

Electro pneumatic offers advantages such simple, fast and many device options/logic
available, easy installation.

Components
DC power supply.
Switches.
Relays.
Solenoid valves.
Direct Control of Electro Pneumatic Cylinder
The cylinder is operated directly by the directional control valve.
The cylinder is actuated directly by the solenoid valve without any intermediate
component (additional valve directional control valve/relay/PLC).
When:
Low flow rates/low currents
No remote control is required
Advantages
Cheap
Easy
Problem:
Beverages case are inspected for completeness. If there’s a faulty case, it is rejected/pushed off the belt by pressing a push
button that actuates a cylinder.

Components:
Indirect Control of Electro Pneumatic Cylinder
The cylinder is operated directly by the directional control valve.
The cylinder is actuated indirectly by the solenoid valve using a relay coil/PLC
valve/relay/PLC).
When:
Large piston diameter
High Currents/large size/high flow rate
Remote control is required
Advantages
Can switch more than one valve at a time
Latching is possible
Remote control is possible
Relay
It is electromagnetically actuated switch to make and break the contact.
When the voltage is applied to a solenoid coil
terminals (A1, A2) in Fig.1.14, it will become an
electromagnet which in turn attracts the contacts of
the relay either closing or opening them.
The spring returns the contacts to the initial
position immediately after disconnecting the
voltage at the coil terminals.

ISO symbol of relay


Relay Contact

Relay Coil
Problem:
A double acting cylinder controlling a sheetmetal rolling press is to extend when
a switch is operated. Upon release of the switch, the piston rod is to retract.
The cylinder is 250 mm diameter and consumes a large volume of air.
Problem:
A carton ejector is to be controlled from either side of a
conveyor track. If switch S1 or S2 is pressed, the double acting
cylinder ejects the rejected carton from the conveyor. When
both switches are released the ejector piston rod must retract.
The cylinder is to be controlled by a 5/2 way solenoid valve
Latching
Used specially when we want output to be ON (latched) even if push button is
depressed.
Problem
A stop valve is to be opened and closed by a
double acting cylinder.

When the switch marked “open” is pressed the


piston rod is to extend and remain extended.

When the “close” switch is pressed, the cylinder


retracts.

The switch that opens the valve must override


the close switch.
Identify the components required to solve this problem.
Draw the electro pneumatic circuit.
Construct and test your solution on Festo Station.
Unlatch

Before PB pressed When PB pressed


When PB released

latching
Step 3
Steps 1 and 2

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