HOW TO MAKE AN ACTION

RESEARCH
Words of Wisdom
 WHAT IS AN ACTION RESEARCH?

An action research is a kind of study

conducted by one or more teachers in
order to solve a problem of local concern.
(Classroom)
A problem is a deviation of the actual
from the standard/acceptable behavior or
performance.
 Steps in conducting an action
research
Identify the research problem or
question
Find the necessary information to answer
the question/s.
Investigate and interpret the data
collected.(Qualitative / Quantitative)
Develop an action plan.
HOW TO IDENTIFY A RESEARCH
PROBLEM
Through observation
Through analysis of test results.
Through investigation of school
documents
Keywords
FACTORS
EFFECTS
IMPACT
IMPROVING
LEVEL
USE
EVALUATION
CAUSE
ASSESSMENT
 EXAMPLES OF HOW TO IDENTIFY A
RESEARCH PROBLEM
Through observation of student Behavior
Teacher A observed that the following student
behaviors are prevalent: threatening, harassing,
embarrassing, or humiliating classmates through
face-to-face contact or using the social media.

What is the problem?

EXAMPLES OF HOW TO IDENTIFY A
RESEARCH PROBLEM
Through observation of School Sports
Equipment and Facilities
Teacher Alcober observed that there is
a Deficiency of Sports Equipment and
Facilities in their school?

What is the problem?

 Through Analysis of Test Results

Teacher A noticed the following results in a

diagnostic test in English, Math, and Science.
English – MPS = 32.10
Math – MPS = 25.05
Science – MPS = 38.48

What is the problem?

Through Analysis of Test Results
Through analysis of school documents
Teacher B observed the following
statistical data:
Dropout Rate: 42.18
Participation Rate = 60.15

What is the problem?

 PROPOSED INNOVATION,
INTERVENTION, OR STRATEGY
PROBLEM INTERVENTION TO SOLVE
THE PROBLEM
Bullying Use of Wheel of
Choice
 PROPOSED INNOVATION,
INTERVENTION, OR STRATEGY
INTERVENTION TO
PROBLEM SOLVE THE PROBLEM
Sports Instructional Using BAVOBASE
Materials and MULTI-FUNCTINAL
setting PORTABLE EQUIPMENT
 PROPOSED INNOVATION,
INTERVENTION, OR STRATEGY
INTERVENTION TO
PROBLEM SOLVE THE PROBLEM
Poor academic Whole-brain
performance in teaching
English/Math
 PROPOSED INNOVATION,
INTERVENTION, OR STRATEGY
PROBLEM INTERVENTION TO
SOLVE THE PROBLEM

High Drop- Monitoring

out Rate and Tracking
 ABSTRACT
An abstract summarizes, usually in one paragraph
of 300 words or less, the major aspects of the entire
paper in a prescribed sequence that includes:
1. The overall purpose of the study and the
research problem(s) you investigated
2.The basic design of the study;
3.Major findings or trends found as a result of your
analysis; and
4.Brief summary of your interpretations and
conclusions.
 TYPES OF ABSTRACT

CRITICAL ABSTRACT

DESCRIPTIVE ABSTRACT

INFORMATIVE ABSTRACT

HIGHLIGHT ABSTRACT
 WRITING STYLE

Use the active voice when possible,

always use the past tense
Formatting – single space in block
format
Do not number the page
 Sample Abstract
 ABSTRACT
 An increasing number of educational institutions and organizations around the world
employ online training to address emerging challenges in teacher competence. Research
literature, however, showed that few studies have been conducted that followed teachers in their
respective schools after training to evaluate their classroom performance. Enthused by this lack
of empirical proof, this study was conducted to assess the modifications on pedagogical content
knowledge (PCK) – an accepted construct in educational lexicon – of nine non-major science
teachers who were given a month-long, fully online training. Using a multi-method assessment
procedure (e.g., achievement testing, concept mapping, lesson planning, and demonstration
teaching), results disclose substantial alteration in two knowledge-based PCK components in
science teaching – knowledge about science curriculum and students’ understanding of science.
A significant increase in achievement scores, better concept map structure and corrected
misconceptions were observed after the training. Contrastingly, only little improvement was
noted in the other two skill-based components – knowledge about instructional strategies and
assessment in science. Few changes were noticed in teachers’ topic-specific strategies and
science learning assessment skills. Based on these findings, it prepared that fully online teacher
trainings were insufficient in enhancing all facets of the complex nature of science teaching
 Sample Abstract
 As an agent of change, we have to embark on productive effort that may bring people in
innovations for the 21st century learning. Research Literature, however, showed that the
innovation is the better solution to expand the performance for the meaningful impact This study
was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of “DRUM BOX”, an innovative multifunctional
portable equipment designed as an instructional tool for teachers in teaching of theory and
practice of MAPEH (Music, Arts, Physical Education, and Health), in the public schools. The
researchers employed triangulation of data with ocular inspection, interview, and documentation
of school facilities, equipment, and school environment as means to obtain the necessary data.
Thirty MAPEH teachers from three public school in Taguig City participated in the study namely
President Diosdado Macapagal High School, Upper Bicutan Elementary School, and C.P Sta.
Teresa Elementary School - purposive sampling or subjective sampling was utilized in the
selection of participants. Interview guide with questions set beforehand was developed by the
teacher. This interview guide was shown to the Division MAPEH Supervisors and head teachers
who were experts in teaching MAPEH for validation purposes. Result of the study showed that
majority of the participants found out that the “Drum Box” effective in teaching of MAPEH with
its additional features of safety, portability and versatility in teaching of MAPEH to the public
school students.
 Keywords: (Innovative Instructional Equipment, Multi-functional Portable Equipment, Teachers
teaching performance)
 EXAMINE OF AN ACTION RESEARCH CONDUCTED
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
A. Context and Rationale
Rationale defined as a justification for doing something
The value of developing a rationale is that it provides a
framework for planning.
 A rationale is the articulation of the reasons for using a particular literary
work, film, or teaching method. Minimally, a rationale should include:
 a bibliographic citation and the intended audience
 a brief summary of the work and its educational significance
 the purposes of using the work and how it will be used
 potential problems with the work and how these can be handled
 alternative works an individual student might read or view
 SAMPLE
CHAPTER 1 - INTRODUCTION
A. Context and Rationale
 “Establishing prototyping as a core competence for innovation, requires more than
creating a research and development department or team. It requires school wide
value for innovation, understanding of innovation processes, and that the bumps and
disruptions are worthwhile discomforts and relevant student learning and success” - R&D
your School – How to start, Grow, and Sustain Your School’s Innovations Engine.
 DRUM BOX is a MULTI-FUNCTIONAL PORTABLE EQUIPMENT used as an innovative
instructional material tool designed to expand and elevate the performance of a
teacher through modern teaching strategies at the same time to improve the skills and
intellectual capacity of students in MAPEH subject, Research Literature, however,
showed that the innovation is the better solution to expand the performance for the
meaningful impact.
 Learning and innovation go hand in hand. The arrogance of success is to think that
what you did yesterday will be sufficient for tomorrow. – William Poliard
 EXAMINE OF AN ACTION RESEARCH
B. Innovation, Intervention or Strategy
 This study was conducted because of the problems that the MAPEH
teachers or sports instructor encounter in the field and it is the
insufficiency of equipment, modules, and tools used for the four
components of MAPEH subject (Music, Arts, P.E, & Health), as MAPEH
teachers we use our creative mind to invent and construct an
innovative strategic intervention equipment as an alternative solution
to the problem that we encounter in the classroom or even in the field.
The advantage of this Multi-Functional Portable Equipment Box or Drum
Box is safe and manageable to use because it has a caster that could
be transferred from one place to another with its additional features of
safety, portability and versatility in teaching MAPEH to the public school
students which give a better performance for both teacher and
students in line with the K12 program through MAPEH
subject.(Innovation & Strategy)
 Specification
 The Specification of tools that we used for this innovative equipment is
light materials for easy to control, for the Drum Body – GA. 22
galvanized iron (6.1) painted with Epoxy enamel over primer then 3
pcs of heavy duty swing hinges stainless steel welded to 38 mm
diameter GA.26 galvanized iron (6.1). Steel Frame – 2.6 mm thk. Build-
up angle bar, welded to 38 mm. diameter 6A, 26 O.D galvanized iron,
painted epoxy enamel over primer. Interior wall – 6 mm thk playwood
screwed to 1 x 1 “wood suds, wall paper finish. Revolving divider – 6
mm thk ordinary fly wood, screwed to steel frame applied with wall
paper. Floor – 6 mm thk ordinary plywood, painted enamel over
primer. Post – GA.26, 38 mm diameter O.D galvanized iron, painted
epoxy enamel. Door – GA. 22 galvanized iron, with door trim all
around. Speaker box – GA . 22 Galvanized iron, painted.(INNOVATION)
 For three (3) selected MAPEH teachers of Pres. Diosdado
Macapagal High School, C.P. Sta. Teresa Elementary School, Upper
Bicutan Elementary School, a total of thirty (9) participants were
chosen to test the quality and effectiveness of Multi-Functional
Portable Equipment Drum Box as a method of strategic intervention
used by the MAPEH teachers in their lessons for theory and basic
sports activities. The researchers made use of questionnaire as the
main instrument for collecting data for this action research. By this
method, variables such as the respondents’ Age, Gender,
Educational Background, and years of service in teaching MAPEH
subject which they evaluate, describe, and analyze the effectiveness
of this equipment drum box. Aquino (2011), defined the descriptive
method of research as an organized attempt to analyze and interpret
the reports and the present status of social institution, group or area. It
includes all the studies that seek to present facts concerning the
nature and status of anything, group of person, act conditions or any
other phenomenon, which they wish to study.
C. Action Research
Questions
The aim of this study is to construct
innovative equipment that will seek to
answer the following questions: .
(General problem).
 Action Research Questions
Specifically, it sought answers to the following questions:
(1). What is the effectiveness of Drum box multi-functional
portable equipment in terms of the following: a. Quality, b.
Safety, c. Mass, d. Durability (life span), and e.
Manageability?
(2). How can this equipment Drum box help to improve the
performance of a MAPEH Teacher as well as the
achievement level of the students in the MAPEH subject?
 (3).
After using the drum box equipment,
what suggestion can you give for the
better improvement of such tool?
(4). What is the advantage of drum box
equipment in other teaching tool?
(5). How does this equipment promote the
quality of K12 curriculum?
Examples of Questions Based on
Identified Problems/ Issues
1. How does the use of computers affect the student
writing process in the fourth-grade classrooms?
2. What happens to the academic performance of the
Grade Six pupils when heterogeneous groups are
assigned for cooperative learning activities?
3. How can student feedback improve classroom
instruction in English?
4. How can cooperative learning in high-school
mathematics class improve student learning?
5. What happens to student learning in the classroom
when project-centered approach is applied to
teaching Literature?
L. How to STATE PROBLEMS
Criticize the following.
Research Title: The Effect of Music on
the Students’ Mastery Level in English
1. What is the mastery level of the
students in the vocabulary test
given after they were taught with
music?
2. How does music improve the
students’ vocabulary mastery level?
3. How does the students’ attitude
towards music affect their mastery
level of vocabulary items?
 INPUT-PROCESS-OUTPUT
 The input represents the “raw materials” appropriate from the
environment and introduced into the system according to the
specification called the intended product.
 The process or thru put consists of the complex set of operation or
stages, procedures or activities which transform the input by ocular
inspection, interview, and documentation of school facilities.(DATA
GATHERING)
 The output is the “finish product” or the materials in its terminal
stage with new value added which is then issued or exported to the
environment. In this study, the inputs will be to evaluate the “Drum
Box “Multi- Functional Portable Equipment, in terms of effectiveness,
quality, safety, mass, durability, and manageability, as instructional
materials. The Output that can be developed in this study is to
recommend that “Drum Box” is effective in teaching MAPEH with its
additional features of safety, portability and versatility in teaching of
MAPEH to the public school students.
 CHAPTER II – ACTION RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design and Population
RESEARCH DESIGN – Overall strategy that you chose to integrate to your study. It is the
blueprint for the collection, measurement and analysis of data.
achieved the following:
 Identify the research problem clearly and justify its selection, particularly in relation
to any valid alternative designs that could have been used,
 Review and synthesize previously published literature associated with the research
problem,
 Clearly and explicitly specify hypotheses central to the problem,
 Effectively describe the data which will be necessary for an adequate testing of
the hypotheses and explain how such data will be obtained, and
 Describe the methods of analysis to be applied to the data in determining whether
or not the hypotheses are true or false.
 CHAPTER II – ACTION RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design and Population

POPULATION – a large collection of

individuals or objects that is the
main focus of scientific query.
Sample - is a subset of the
population.
 CHAPTER II – ACTION RESEARCH METHOD
A. Research Design and Population
- Descriptive method of research was used in this study. It is a fact – finding study with
sufficient and real interpretation of data that is significant to the action research
study. Since the study was focused in the impact of multi-functional portable
equipment drum box, the descriptive method of research is used to secure
evidence concerning the existing situations or conditions, Good (2012). It includes
status on change in contrast to ascertaining what caused those of what their value
and significance are. The participants in this action research are Ten (10) selected
MAPEH teachers of Pres. Diosdado Macapagal High School, C.P. Sta. Teresa
Elementary School, Upper Bicutan Elementary School, a total of thirty (30)
participants were chosen to test the quality and effectiveness of Multi-Functional
Portable Equipment Drum Box as a method of strategic intervention used by the
MAPEH teachers in their lessons for theory and basic sports activities. Purposive
sampling was used by the researcher in this study. This is to ensure that every one
has the characteristic on the said locale and has an equal chance of being
selected in the sample and also to promote the most suitable and fastest way for
both the researchers and participants.
B. Data Gathering Methods

- is a process of collecting information from all

relevant sources to find answers to the research
problem, test the hypothesis and evaluate the
outcomes. Data collection methods can be
divided into two categories: Secondary and
Primary
- Secondary Data Collections – are those data
published in books, newspapers, magazines,
journals, online portals, etc.
 B. Data Gathering Methods

- Primary data collections are divided into two groups:

Quantitative and Qualitative .
QUANTITATIVE are based in mathematical calculations in
various formats. It includes questionnaires with close-ended
questions, methods of correlations and regressions, mean,
mode and median and others.
QUALITATIVE do not involve numbers. It is closely
associated with words, sounds, feeling, emotions, colours
and other elements that are not quantifiable.
 B. Data Gathering Methods

- The researchers used this method through interview for

collecting data in this study, variables such as participant’s
names, school, positions, sports program with facilities and
equipment drum box were examined and analyze to identify
which affected the performance of the athletes and student.
Ocular visitation, interview and documentations of the
facilities, equipment and school environment are very
important materials in the realization of this study through
selected public schools in the Division of TAPAT. After
analyzing the information gathered from the participants the
researchers submitted to the adviser the findings for further
evaluation of this study.
 Ethical Considerations

This is one of the most important parts of the research.

Ten (10) points principles related to ethical consideration:
(Bryman and Bell, 2007)
Research participants should not be subjected to
harm in any ways whatsoever.
Respect for the dignity of research participants should
be prioritised.
Full consent should be obtained from the participants
prior to the study.
 Ethical Considerations
The protection of the privacy of research participants has to be
ensured.
Adequate level of confidentiality of the research data should be
ensured.
Anonymity of individuals and organizations participating in the
research has to be ensured.
Any deception or exaggeration about the aims and objectives of the
research must be avoided.
Affiliations in any forms, sources of funding, as well as any possible
conflicts of interests have to be declared.
Any type of communication in relation to the research should be
done with honesty and transparency.
Any type of misleading information, as well as representation of
primary data findings in a biased way must be avoided.
 Ethical Considerations
 We submitted our action research to the Division office through Senior
Education Program Supervisor for the validation and endorsement for
basic education research fund in Regional office, then after the approval
from the regional office we submitted a letter of permission in conducting
an ocular inspection, teachers interview, and documentation of school
facilities and equipment, fortunately all of them in three public institutions
responded positively on the intervention made for the Interview guide
questions set beforehand was developed by the researchers. this interview
guide was shown to the Division MAPEH Supervisors and head teachers
who were experts in teaching MAPEH for validation purposes. Eventually
the participants reacted positively accordingly as well as the division
officials (Superintendent) and principals give suggestion for the
advancement of the equipment that majority of the participants found
out that the “Drum Box” effective in teaching of MAPEH with its additional
features of safety, portability and versatility in teaching of MAPEH to the
public school students.

 Data Analysis
Is the process of systematically applying statistical
and/or logical techniques to describe and illustrate,
condense and recap, and evaluate data.
QUANTITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS
 Descriptive statistics (descriptive analysis). Commonly used statistics are mean, median, mode,
percentage, frequency and range.

QUALITATIVE DATA ANALYSIS

 Made up of words, observations, images, and even symbols, deriving absolute meaning from such data is
nearly impossible: hence; it is mostly used for exploratory research .Most commonly used data analysis
are Content Analysis (analysis of responses from interview), Narrative Analysis – interview of respondents,
observations from the field. It focuses on the stories and experiences shared by people. Discourse analysis
just like narrative, it analyze interactions with people. Focuses on analyzing the social context in which the
communication between the researcher and the respondent.
 Data Analysis

 This study was conducted in three public schools namely,

Pres. Diosdado Macapagal High School, Upper Bicutan
Elementary School, and C.P Sta Teresa Elementary School
in two weeks. The “Drum Box” Multi-Functional Portable
Equipment was being used by the MAPEH teachers in three
respective institutions in their classroom or even in the field
in the four MAPEH components to test the effectiveness of
this equipment designed as an strategic instructional tool in
teaching of theory and practices of skills in MAPEH (Music,
Arts, Physical Education, and Health) subject aligned to
K12 Curriculum.
 Teachers’ observations and
assessment:

 1. In terms of quality the drum box is strong, it has a smooth cover
definitely it can be used as storage. It is safe to handle not so light and
easy to carry in different places. It will last over a period of time because
of its materials, convenient and manageable. It is accurate to use in an
open place while teaching. It can carry sports materials, teaching guides
and books. Its durability itself can use as a storage of needing instructional
materials in teaching.
 2. It develops resourcefulness as a teacher. Drum box is not just an
improvised instrument that everyone has but also a friendly organizer of
MAPEH teachers. It has a place where teacher may store different tools.
 3. Drum box is almost perfectly on its characteristics but to make it a
friendly safety 21st century instrument the edges of its magical drawers on
its body should be rubberized, make some varieties of this.
 Teachers’ observations and
assessment:

4. It is an excellent toll in handling teaching materials inside the drum
box. In other hand, the materials used in making the drum box really
shows how ecofriendly it is. Its usefulness widely shows the
effectiveness of it in teaching.
5.The drum box is made for its purposes. This handy instrument leads
for the leveling up of performances of the MAPEH teachers but
foremost for the students. This easy manageable tool can bring up the
skills of the learners that leads to succeed in attaining the vision of
DepEd to make our future a better life for our new generation. Its
durability, flexibility, and ecofriendly materials bring to the reality that it
may be one of the source income of our generation. The drum box
shows that in the future, the garbage can be use as a equipment tool.
 CHAPTER III
FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the data analysis and interpretation, the
following are findings of the study in to know the
significant issues and concern in this equipment “Drum
box” as a method of Strategic Intervention in teaching
MAPEH subject. The Researcher choose to conduct
the following schools namely Pres. Diosdado
Macapagal High School, C.P. Sta. Teresa Elementary
School, Upper Bicutan Elementary School.
 The aim of the study is to construct an innovative drum
box that will seek to answer the following questions:
Teachers’ Response:
(1)
 A. It is made of galvanized iron very durable and will last long, it is unique
and has many uses, it has a good quality that will be multi-functional to all
MAPEH teachers.
 B. The Multi- Functional Drum Box can keep the materials to insure the
safetiness. It can easily be destroyed so anything that it holds is surely in
good place.
 C. It can contain varied teaching materials because it is huge but not
bulky its can even use as a displayed drum.
 D. Definitely the equipment is durable and will last for so many years
because of the materials used.
 E. It helps the MAPEH teachers to manages well their teaching materials in
just one place or space. The MAPEH teacher can classify and organized
orderly as it is structured for that purpose.
(2)
It will help the MAPEH teachers in organizing their
evaluative materials and the manipulative ones, it will
make them an effective teacher and will compress their
time in searching for the materials need in their lessons, so
the teachers has ample time to teach with quality.
(3)
The Drum Box could also be used as displayed cabinet in
one corner of the room, it can be an informative painting
around it to help pupils to become creative, different
design or shape of drum box maybe possible to
construct.
(4)
The drum box is something unique, creative,
durable, and good organizer it can develop
creativity and recycled no need to purchase
expensive box as well as space wise.
(5)
Application of learned theories and constructing
useful tools is used. This is concrete example of
what learners learned in the K12 curriculum “not
all theory but application”. This will further promote
learners interest in innovating and creating useful
tools.
 CHAPTER 4
GENERALIZATION AND REFLECTION
Based on the findings in the evaluation of this action
research study it indicates that majority of the selected 3
public schools from Pres. Diosdado Macapagal High School,
C.P. Sta. Teresa Elementary School and Upper Bicutan
Elementary School, strongly suggested

(a). To have a drum box in all public school elementary and

secondary level in order to partake the healthier
performance in teaching MAPEH subject,
(b). at the same time to conduct a seminar on how to use
this equipment for long time beneficial.
 CHAPTER 4
GENERALIZATION AND REFLECTION

(c). To emphasize the importance of DRUM BOX as a Multi-

functional portable equipment to be used for actual
instructions in teaching Music, Arts, Physical education, and
Health in the classroom to achieve the goal of learning.
 (d) Will elevate the teaching performance of a MAPEH
teacher through this equipment.
(e) Provide an assistance in every school to maintain the
quality of drum box for life long used.
 (f) It will keep away from the hazards and accident that
may happen during their MAPEH class.
 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

1.1. The non-equivalent and comparison groups had

similar performance level in Chemistry-in the pretest.

1.2. The non-equivalent and comparison groups had

different performance level in Chemistry in the posttest.

2.1. There is a marked improvement in the performance

level of non-equivalent group in the posttest using the
digital simulation.
 CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS

Recommendations

1. Digital simulation should be used in Chemistry

showing chemical processes.

2. Similar study in other Chemistry classes be

made to confirm the findings in this study.
 ACTION PLAN

Objective Activity Time Success

Frame
1. To disseminate Research EO Feb. 2017 Indicator No. of
the results of Forum Participants
action research.
2. To perform the Demonstratio March 2017 No. of
digital n Teaching Participants
simulation
approach
REFERENCES

Akcay, H. (2003). “The effects of computer

simulations on students’ success and
attitudes in Chemistry.” Education Sciences:
Theory and Practice.

Etiubon, R. (2011). “Computer-Based Science

Simulations, Guided- discovery and students’
performance in Chemistry.” Modern Applied
Science, 5 (6), 211-217
THE LEVEL OF ACADMIC STRESS AND COPING
STRATEGIES OF GRADE ____ PUPILS
AT EM’S SIGNAL VILLAGE
ELEMENTARY SCHOOL