WIRELESS COMMUNICATION:

The term wireless refers to the communication or

transmission of information over a distance without
requiring wires, cables or any other electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is one of the important
mediums of transmission of data or information to other
devices.
The Communication is set and the information is
transmitted through the air, without requiring any cables,
by using electromagnetic waves like radio frequencies,
infrared, satellite, etc., in a wireless communication
technology network.
Wireless Phones
Microwaves
Infrared(IR)
Satellite
Wireless Networking
Wi-Fi
Bluetooth
Wireless Phones

 The evolution of cellular networks is enumerated

by generations. Many different users communicate
across a single frequency band through Cellular and
cordless phones.
 Cellular and cordless phones are two more
examples of devices that make use of wireless signals.
 Cordless phones have a limited range but cell
phones typically have a much larger range than the
local wireless networks since cell phone use large
telecommunication towers to provide cell phone
coverage.
 Some phones make use of signals from satellites to
communicate, similar to Global Positioning System
(GPS) devices.
WIRELESS PHONES
Microwave

 Microwave is an effective type of wireless data transmission

that transfers information using two separate methods. One method
which is used to transmit data through the wireless media of a
microwave is the satellite method that transmits information via a
satellite that orbits 22,300 miles above the Earth.

 Stations on the ground send and receive data signals to and

from the satellite with a frequency ranging from 11 GHz to 14 GHz
and with a transmission speed of 1 Mbps to 10 Mbps.
Another method is a terrestrial method, in which two
microwave towers with a clear line of sight between them are
used ensuring no obstacles to disrupt that line of sight. For the
purpose of privacy, it is used often.
 The frequency of data transmission for terrestrial
systems is typically 4 GHz to 6 GHz or 21 GHz to 23 GHz,
and the speed is usually 1 megabit per second (Mbps) to 10
Mbps.
Infrared (IR)

 Infrared is a media transmission system that

transmits data signals through light emitting diodes
(LEDs) or Lasers. Infrared is an electromagnetic energy
at a wavelength which is longer than that of the red
light.
 The information cannot be travelled through
obstacles in an infrared system, but can be inhibited by
light. One type of infrared is the point to point system
in which transmission is possible between two points
limited to a range and line of sight.
 The signal frequency to transmit in a point to
point system is 100 GHz to 1,000 terahertz (THz), and
the speed ranges from 100 Kbps to 16 Mbps.
 Another method of transmission of infrared
includes the broadcast system – and, in this method, a
reflective material or a transmission unit amplifies
and retransmits a data signal to several other units.
 The normal frequency of an infrared broadcast
system is 100 GHz to 1,000 THz with a limited speed
of 1 Mbps.
Satellite
 Satellite communications is one of the wireless
technologies, which is widely spread all over the world allowing
users to stay connected virtually anywhere on the Earth.
 The Satellites used in this mode of communication,
communicate directly with the orbiting satellites via radio signals.
Portable satellite phones and modems have more powerful
broadcasting abilities than the cellular devices as they have high
range, apart from being more expensive in terms of cost, than
their counterparts.
 For example, for outfitting a ship through satellite
communication, a traditional communication system is linked to a
single satellite, which allows multiple users to share the same
broadcast equipment.
SATELLITE
Wireless Networking
 Wireless Networking technologies connect multiple
computers, systems and devices together without
requiring wires or cables: a wireless local area network
or WLAN comes under Wi-Fi. (wireless fidelity)
Wi-Fi

 Wi-Fi is a form of low-power wireless

communication used by many electronic devices such as
laptops, systems, smart phones, etc.
 In a Wi-Fi setup, a wireless router serves as the
communication hub. These networks are extremely limited
in range due to low power of transmissions allowing users
to connect only within close proximity to a router or signal
repeater.
 Wi-Fi is common in home networking applications
which provides portability without any need of cables.
 Wi-Fi networks need to be secured with passwords
for security purposes in order not to be accessed by others.
WI-FI
Wireless Networking (Wi-Fi):

Advantages

 Ease of Integration and Convenience – The

wireless nature of such networks allows users to access
network resources from nearly any convenient
location.
 Mobility – With the emergence of public wireless
networks, users can access the internet even outside
their normal working environment.
 Expandability – Wireless networks are capable of
serving a suddenly-increased number of clients with
the existing equipment. In a wired network, additional
clients require additional wiring.
Disadvantages
 Wireless LANs may not be desirable for a number of reasons.
 Radio Frequency transmission and wireless networking signals
are subjected to a wide variety of interference including the
complex propagation effects that are beyond the control of the
network administrator.
 Security Problems – Wireless networks may choose to utilize
some of the various encryption technologies.
 Range will be insufficient for a larger structure – and, in order
to increase its range, repeaters or additional access points have to be
purchased.
 The speed on most wireless networks will be slower than the
slowest common wired networks.
 Installation of an infrastructure-based wireless network is a
complex to set up.
Bluetooth Technology

 Bluetooth technology allows you to connect a variety of

different electronic devices wirelessly to a system for the transfer
and sharing of data and this is the main function of Bluetooth.
 Cell phones are connected to hands-free earpieces, wireless
keyboard, mouse and mike to laptops with the help of Bluetooth
as it transmits information from one device to other device.
 Bluetooth technology has many functions, and it is used most
commonly in wireless communications’ market.
Features
 Bluetooth technology uses radio waves to communicate
between devices. Most of these radio waves have a range of 15-50
feet.
 According to the official Bluetooth website, Bluetooth uses a
low-power signal with a maximum range of 50 feet with sufficient
speed to enable transmission of data.
 The pairing process identifies and connects any two devices to
each other. It also prevents interference from other non-paired
Bluetooth devices in the area.
 It uses maximum power only when it is required, thus
preserving battery life.