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On Research Methodology

The presentation outlined the research process in 6 phases: [1] defining the problem, [2] reviewing relevant literature, [3] selecting a research design and methodology, [4] collecting data, [5] analyzing the data, and [6] reporting implications and conclusions. It discussed key aspects of each phase like stating objectives, assessing prior work, choosing appropriate data collection techniques and subjects, analyzing demographics and looking for patterns in results. The document also covered important research concepts such as unit of analysis, independent and dependent variables, and purposes of research like exploration, description and explanation.

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Agnivesh Agnihotri
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218 views14 pages

On Research Methodology

The presentation outlined the research process in 6 phases: [1] defining the problem, [2] reviewing relevant literature, [3] selecting a research design and methodology, [4] collecting data, [5] analyzing the data, and [6] reporting implications and conclusions. It discussed key aspects of each phase like stating objectives, assessing prior work, choosing appropriate data collection techniques and subjects, analyzing demographics and looking for patterns in results. The document also covered important research concepts such as unit of analysis, independent and dependent variables, and purposes of research like exploration, description and explanation.

Uploaded by

Agnivesh Agnihotri
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Presentation on

Research Process

Presented By
Agnivesh Agnihotri
(Research Scholar)
ITM University Gwalior
Research Design and Methodology

 In general, a research design is like a blueprint for the research.

 Research Methodology concerns how the design is implemented,


how the research is carried out.
The Research Process
Purposes of Research
 Exploration
 gaining some familiarity with a topic, discovering some of its
main dimensions, and possibly planning more structured
research

 Description
 Census Bureau’s report on number of Americans
 Political poll predicting who will win an election
 Anthropologist’s ethnographic account of a preliterate tribe

 Explanation
 Take it one step further
Research ‘Musts’

 Problem must be clearly recognized

 Determine information already available and what


further information is required, as well as the best
approach for obtaining it
 Obtain and assess information objectively to help
inform the decision
‘Six’ Phases of Research

1. Problem definition
2. Literature review
3. Selection of research design, subjects, and data
collection techniques
4. Data gathering
5. Data processing and analysis
6. Implications, Conclusions, and Recommendations
Problem Definition

 Describe broader context (background)


 State the objectives or purposes
 Inform reader about the scope of the study,
including defining any terms, limitations, or
restrictions
 Reduces potential criticisms

 State the hypothesis (es)


Literature Review

 Gives theoretical rationale of problem being studied, what


research has been done and how it relates to the problem

 Helpful to divide the literature into sub-topics for ease of


reading

 Quality of literature should be assessed

 Be sure to include well respected ‘individuals’ in the


research area (if they exist)
Selection of Research Design

 The research design indicates the steps that will


need to be take and the sequence they will occur
 Each design can rely on one ore more data
collection technique
 Assess reliability and validity
 Critical consideration in determining methodology
is the selection of subjects
Data Gathering

 Must pretest

 Design the sampling scheme

 Questionnaires must be coded


Data processing and analysis

 Describe demographics of the data

 Compare behavior (if applicable)

 Choose appropriate statistical technique (if applicable)

 Look for patterns in data (if applicable)


Interpreting the Results

 Make sure to consider the audience

 Discuss implications for the population of


interest and future research
Unit of Analysis

 Major entity you are analyzing in your study

 It is the type of object that makes up each data point

 Individuals
 Artifacts (books, photos, newspapers)
 Geographical units
 Social interactions
Independent and Dependent Variables

 independent variable is what  dependent variable is what is


is manipulated affected by the independent
variable
 a treatment or program or
cause  effects or outcomes

 ‘Factor’  ‘Measure’

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