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APUSH Review Period 6

The document provides an overview of the Gilded Age period in the United States from 1865-1898. It discusses the rise of industrial capitalism, large-scale immigration and urbanization, conflicts over natural resources and the emergence of populist movements, expansion of the railroads and conflicts with Native Americans, intellectual movements like Social Darwinism, and political developments like the rise of political machines and Jim Crow laws.

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Roya Parsa
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76 views18 pages

APUSH Review Period 6

The document provides an overview of the Gilded Age period in the United States from 1865-1898. It discusses the rise of industrial capitalism, large-scale immigration and urbanization, conflicts over natural resources and the emergence of populist movements, expansion of the railroads and conflicts with Native Americans, intellectual movements like Social Darwinism, and political developments like the rise of political machines and Jim Crow laws.

Uploaded by

Roya Parsa
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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APUSH REVIEW: PERIOD 6

(1865-1898) – 13%
The transformation of the United States from an agricultural to an
increasingly industrialized and urbanized society brought about significant
economic, political, diplomatic, social, environmental, and cultural changes.
THE “GILDED AGE” (1870 - 1900)
Key Concept 6.1: Technological advances, large-scale production
methods, and the opening of new markets encouraged the rise of
industrial capitalism in the United States.

Key Concept 6.2: The migrations that accompanied


industrialization transformed both urban and rural areas of the
United States and caused dramatic social and cultural change.

Key Concept 6.3: The Gilded Age produced new cultural and
intellectual movements, public reform efforts, and political debates
over economic and social policies.
THE “GILDED AGE” (1870 - 1900)
Coined by Mark Twain

Things appeared to be good on the surface, but


underneath there were social, economic, and political
issues

Government subsidies fueled westward expansion (RRs)

Emergence of monopolies - to gain power and resources

Businesses looked beyond borders for markets

Social Darwinism - used by wealthy to defend their


success

Growing gap between rich and poor - “conspicuous


consumption” for the wealthy
WORKFORCE DURING THE GILDED AGE
Expansion of the workforce -> more farmers moving to cities
for jobs
Led to lower wages and an increase in child labor
Emergence of unions - sought better working conditions and
wages
Knights of Labor - SKILLED and UNSKILLED workers
American Federation of Labor (AFL) - only SKILLED
workers
“New South” - sought to bring industrialization to the South
However sharecropping and tenant farming still persisted
GILDED AGE CONFLICTS
Battle over natural resources and land
Corporations v. Conservationists
Example - Sierra Club
Farmers sought to limit the effects of mechanized farming and
dependence on RRs
The Grange - Organization of farmers, sought to regulate railroads
and grain warehouses
Emergence of the Populist Party:
William Jennings Bryan – “Cross of Gold” speech
Wanted increased government control of RRs, telegraphs, etc.
Omaha Platform - election of senators, income tax, regulation of
RRs, silver currency
Many ideas were later adopted during the Progressive Era
Income tax, direct election of senators, secret ballot, etc.
INCREASE IN URBANIZATION
“New” Immigration - Southern and Eastern Europe
Settled in cities, boomtown areas of the West
Heavily discriminated against – American Protective
Association (similar to pre-Civil War “Know Nothings”)
Characteristics of cities:
Divided ethnically, racially, and economically
(Little Italy, China Town, etc.)
Provided jobs in factories to large numbers of women,
immigrants, and African Americans
Emergence of political machines (Tammany Hall)
Provided social services in exchange for political
support
Settlement Houses:
Jane Addams’ Hull House - helped immigrants and
women transition to urban life
TRANSCONTINENTAL RR
Westward settlement post-Civil War:
Many migrated due to:
Economic opportunities
Government policies (Homestead Act, RR subsidies, etc.)
As a result, treaties with Natives were often violated
Violence and conflict often occurred between settlers, Natives, and
Mexican Americans as a result of expansion
No clear direction given in U.S. Constitution regarding Natives
Government response to Native resistance?
Military force - Chief Joseph, Custer’s Last Stand, Wounded Knee
(1890)
Placing Natives onto small reservations (goal: end tribal identity)
Changing Native identities through assimilation
** Dawes Act - boarding schools, haircuts, etc.
BATTLE OF WOUNDED KNEE

1890 - Last major conflict between Natives and U.S. military


GILDED AGE POLITICS
Focused on economic issues - tariffs, gold v. silver, laissez-faire policies, etc.
Government corruption called for many in the public to seek reform:
Local, state, and national levels
Referendum, Initiative, Recall – later adopted in Progressive era
Interstate Commerce Act – regulate RRs
Increase in nativism and racism
Plessy v. Ferguson – KNOW THIS!
Upheld the Constitutionality of Jim Crow Laws
Chinese Exclusion Act
American Protective Association
INTELLECTUAL MOVEMENTS
Ways the wealthy justified their approaches and wealth
Gospel of Wealth - written by Carnegie, urged the wealthy
to donate money
Social Darwinism - Herbert Spencer, applied Darwin’s ideas
to humans
Rich deserved to be rich
Social Gospel:
Protestant Church Movement to improve cities and lives of
the poor
Women and African Americans sought to challenge their
“place” economically, politically, and socially
Booker T. Washington - encouraged vocational training
Ida B. Wells - outspoken critic of lynching in the South
Elizabeth Cady Stanton - Advocated women’s suffrage
SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS
a) Briefly explain the point of view of the artist about
ONE of the following:
- Western Farmers
- New York’s Wall Street

a) Briefly explain ONE development in the period


from 1865 to 1900 that supported the artist’s point
of view.

b) Briefly explain ONE development in the period


from 1865 to 1900 that challenged the artist’s
point of view.
SHORT QUESTION ANSWERS
LONG ESSAY PROMPT
Analyze and evaluate the ways
that both external and internal
migration changed over time
from 1830 to 1900.
LONG ESSAY ANSWER
DBQ ANSWER

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