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Presentation On Ruby Laser

This document summarizes the key components and working of a ruby laser. A ruby laser consists of three main elements: a ruby crystal laser medium doped with chromium ions, an optical pump source, and an optical resonator with one fully reflective mirror and one partially reflective mirror. When optical pumping supplies energy to raise electrons in the ruby crystal to an excited state, population inversion is achieved between the excited metastable state and lower ground state. Stimulated emission then produces coherent laser light at 694.3 nm that is amplified and reflected within the resonator before escaping through the partially reflective mirror. The ruby laser was the first successful solid-state laser developed in 1960 by Maiman and produces visible red light.

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Sangyukta Das
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5K views9 pages

Presentation On Ruby Laser

This document summarizes the key components and working of a ruby laser. A ruby laser consists of three main elements: a ruby crystal laser medium doped with chromium ions, an optical pump source, and an optical resonator with one fully reflective mirror and one partially reflective mirror. When optical pumping supplies energy to raise electrons in the ruby crystal to an excited state, population inversion is achieved between the excited metastable state and lower ground state. Stimulated emission then produces coherent laser light at 694.3 nm that is amplified and reflected within the resonator before escaping through the partially reflective mirror. The ruby laser was the first successful solid-state laser developed in 1960 by Maiman and produces visible red light.

Uploaded by

Sangyukta Das
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Under the supervision of –

Asst. Prof. Purabi Gogoi mam


Asst. Prof. Barsha Dutta Kakoty mam

Presented by:
Bhargav Luchan Das(ME-131/18)
Swaraj Bora (ME-165/18)
Wassi Khan (ME-167/18)
WHAT IS RUBY LASER ?

A ruby laser is a solid


state laser that uses the
synthetic ruby crystal as
its laser medium. Ruby
laser is the first succesful
laser developed by
Maiman in 1960.
Ruby laser is one of
the few solid state lasers
that produce visible light.
It emits deep red light of
wavelength of 694.3 nm
which lies in the visible
region to the human eye.
Construction of Ruby laser
A ruby laser consists of three important elements: Laser medium, the
pump source and the optical resonator.
Laser medium or gain medium in ruby laser
In a ruby laser, a single crystal of ruby(Al203: Cr3+) in the form of cylinder acts
as a laser medium or active medium. The laser medium(ruby) in the ruby laser is
made of the host of sapphire (Al2O3) which is doped with small amounts of
chromium ions (Cr3+). The ruby has good thermal properties.
Optical resonator
The ends of the cylindrical ruby rod are flat and parallel. The cylindrical ruby rod is
placed between two mirrors. The optical coating is applied to both the mirrors. The
process of depositing thin layers of metals on glass substrates to make mirror
surfaces is called silvering. Each mirror is coated or silvered differently.
At one end of the rod, the mirror is fully silvered whereas, at another end, the
mirror is partially silvered. The fully silvered mirror will completely reflect the light
whereas the partially silvered mirror will reflect most part of the light but allows a
small portion of light through it to produce output laser light.
WORKING OF RUBY LASER
 The ruby laser is a three level
solid state laser. In a ruby
laser, optical pumping
technique is used to supply
energy to the laser medium.
Optical pumping is a
technique in which light is
used as energy source to
raise electrons from lower
energy level to higher energy
level.

 Consider a ruby laser


medium consisting of three
energy levels E1, E2 and E3
with N number of electrons .
• We assume that the energy levels as E1<E2<E3. The energy level E1 is known as
ground state or lower energy state, the energy level E2 is known as metastable state, and
the energy level E3 is known as pump state.
• Let us assume that initially most of the electrons are in the lower energy state(E1) and
only a tiny number of electrons are in the excited states(E2 and E3).When light energy is
supplied to the laser medium, the electrons in the lower energy state or ground state E1
gains enough energy and jumps into the pump state E3.

•The lifetime of E3 is very small (10^-8 sec)so the electrons in the pump state do not stay
for long period. After a short period,they fall into the state E2 by releasing radiationless
energy. The lifetime of state E2 is 10^-3 sec which is much greater than the lifetime of state
E3. Therefore, the electrons reach E2 much faster than they leave E2. This results in an
increase in the number of electrons in the metastable state E2 and hence population
inversion is achieved.
 After some period, the electrons in the metastable state E2 falls into the
lower energy state E1 by releasing energy in the form of photons. This is
called spontaneous emission of radiation.

 When the emitted photon interacts with the electron in the metastable
state, it forcefully makes that electron fall into the ground state E1. As a
result two photons are emitted. This is called stimulated emission of
radiation.

 When these emitted photons again interact with the metastable state
electrons, then 4 photons are produced. Because of this continuous
interaction with the electrons , millions of photons are produced.

 In an active medium(ruby), a process called spontaneous emission


produces light. The light produced within the laser medium will bounce
back and forth between the two mirrors. This stimulates other electrons to
fall into the ground state by releasing light energy. This is called
stimulated emission. Likewise , millions of electrons are stimulated to
emit light. Thus, the light gain is achieved.

THE AMPLIFIED LIGHT ESCAPES THROUGH THE PARTIALLY


REFLECTING MIRROR TO PRODUCE -
THANK YOU

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