Linear Equations

 Identify linear equations and functions.

 Write linear equations in standard form
and graph them.

1) linear equation
2) linear function
3) standard form
4) y-intercept
5) x-intercept
 Linear Equations

Sara has 4 hours after dinner to study and do

homework. She has brought home algebra 2
and chemistry.
 Linear Equations

y
6

Sara has 4 hours after dinner to study and do

homework. She has brought home algebra 2 4

and chemistry.
x  y 4
2
If she spends x hours on algebra and y
hours on chemistry, a portion of the graph
0 x
of the equation x + y = 4 can be used to
relate how much time she spends on each.
-2
-2 2 4 6
0
 Linear Equations

y
6

Sara has 4 hours after dinner to study and do

homework. She has brought home algebra 2 4

and chemistry.
x  y 4
2
If she spends x hours on algebra and y
hours on chemistry, a portion of the graph
0 x
of the equation x + y = 4 can be used to
relate how much time she spends on each.
-2
-2 2 4 6
0

An equation such as x + y = 4 is called a linear equation.

 Linear Equations

A linear equation has no operations other than:

, , and .
 Linear Equations

A linear equation has no operations other than:

_a_d_d_it_i_
o_n_, , and .
 Linear Equations

A linear equation has no operations other than:

_a_d_d_it_i_
o_n_, _s_u_b_t_ract_i_o_n_, and .
 Linear Equations

A linear equation has no operations other than:

_a_d_d_it_i_o_n_, _s_u_b_t_ract_i_o_n_, and _mu_lt_ip_l_ic_a_t_ion_o_f_av_a_r_ia_b_l_e_b_ya_c_o_nst_a_n_t_.

 Linear Equations

A linear equation has no operations other than:

_a_d_d_it_i_o_n_, _s_u_b_t_ract_i_o_n_, and _mu_lt_ip_l_ic_a_t_ion_o_f_av_a_r_ia_b_l_e_b_ya_c_o_nst_a_n_t_.

The variables may not be multiplied together or appear in a .

 Linear Equations

A linear equation has no operations other than:

_a_d_d_it_i_o_n_, _s_u_b_t_ract_i_o_n_, and _mu_lt_ip_l_ic_a_t_ion_o_f_av_a_r_ia_b_l_e_b_ya_c_o_nst_a_n_t_.

The variables may not be multiplied together or appear in a _d_e_n_o_minat_o_r_.

 Linear Equations

A linear equation has no operations other than:

_a_d_d_it_i_o_n_, _s_u_b_t_ract_i_o_n_, and _mu_lt_ip_l_ic_a_t_ion_o_f_av_a_r_ia_b_l_e_b_ya_c_o_nst_a_n_t_.

The variables may not be multiplied together or appear in a _d_e_n_o_minat_o_r_.

A linear equation does not contain variables with exponents other than .
 Linear Equations

A linear equation has no operations other than:

_a_d_d_it_i_o_n_, _s_u_b_t_ract_i_o_n_, and _mu_lt_ip_l_ic_a_t_ion_o_f_av_a_r_ia_b_l_e_b_ya_c_o_nst_a_n_t_.

The variables may not be multiplied together or appear in a _d_e_n_o_minat_o_r_.

A linear equation does not contain variables with exponents other than _1_.
 Linear Equations

A linear equation has no operations other than:

_a_d_d_it_i_o_n_, _s_u_b_t_ract_i_o_n_, and _mu_lt_ip_l_ic_a_t_ion_o_f_av_a_r_ia_b_l_e_b_ya_c_o_nst_a_n_t_.

The variables may not be multiplied together or appear in a _d_e_n_o_minat_o_r_.

A linear equation does not contain variables with exponents other than _1_.

The graph of a linear equation is always a .

 Linear Equations

A linear equation has no operations other than:

_a_d_d_it_i_o_n_, _s_u_b_t_ract_i_o_n_, and _mu_lt_ip_l_ic_a_t_ion_o_f_av_a_r_ia_b_l_e_b_ya_c_o_nst_a_n_t_.

The variables may not be multiplied together or appear in a _d_e_n_o_minat_o_r_.

A linear equation does not contain variables with exponents other than _1_.

The graph of a linear equation is always a _li_n_e_.

 Linear Equations

A linear equation has no operations other than:

_a_d_d_it_i_o_n_, _s_u_b_t_ract_i_o_n_, and _mu_lt_ip_l_ic_a_t_ion_o_f_av_a_r_ia_b_l_e_b_ya_c_o_nst_a_n_t_.

The variables may not be multiplied together or appear in a _d_e_n_o_minat_o_r_.

A linear equation does not contain variables with exponents other than _1_.

The graph of a linear equation is always a _li_n_e_.

Linear Equations

5x  3y  7
x 9
6s  3t 15
1
y x
2
 Linear Equations

A linear equation has no operations other than:

_a_d_d_it_i_o_n_, _s_u_b_t_ract_i_o_n_, and _mu_lt_ip_l_ic_a_t_ion_o_f_av_a_r_ia_b_l_e_b_ya_c_o_nst_a_n_t_.

The variables may not be multiplied together or appear in a _d_e_n_o_minat_o_r_.

A linear equation does not contain variables with exponents other than _1_.

The graph of a linear equation is always a _li_n_e_.

Linear Equations Not Linear Equations

5x  3y  7 7a  4b2  8
x 9 y  x 5
6s  3t 15 x  xy  1
1 1
y x y
2 x
 Linear Equations

A linear function is a function whose ordered pairs satisfy a linear equation.

 Linear Equations

A linear function is a function whose ordered pairs satisfy a linear equation.

Any linear function can be written in the form f(x) = mx + b, where m and b
are real numbers.
 Linear Equations

A linear function is a function whose ordered pairs satisfy a linear equation.

Any linear function can be written in the form f(x) = mx + b, where m and b
are real numbers.

State whether each function is a linear function. Explain.

a) f(x) = 10 – 5x
 Linear Equations

A linear function is a function whose ordered pairs satisfy a linear equation.

Any linear function can be written in the form f(x) = mx + b, where m and b
are real numbers.

State whether each function is a linear function. Explain.

a) f(x) = 10 – 5x Yes!
 Linear Equations

A linear function is a function whose ordered pairs satisfy a linear equation.

Any linear function can be written in the form f(x) = mx + b, where m and b
are real numbers.

State whether each function is a linear function. Explain.

a) f(x) = 10 – 5x Yes!
It can be written as f(x) = – 5x + 10
m = – 5, b = 10

b) g(x) = x4 – 5
 Linear Equations

A linear function is a function whose ordered pairs satisfy a linear equation.

Any linear function can be written in the form f(x) = mx + b, where m and b
are real numbers.

State whether each function is a linear function. Explain.

a) f(x) = 10 – 5x Yes!
It can be written as f(x) = – 5x + 10
m = – 5, b = 10

b) g(x) = x4 – 5 No!
 Linear Equations

A linear function is a function whose ordered pairs satisfy a linear equation.

Any linear function can be written in the form f(x) = mx + b, where m and b
are real numbers.

State whether each function is a linear function. Explain.

a) f(x) = 10 – 5x Yes!
It can be written as f(x) = – 5x + 10
m = – 5, b = 10

b) g(x) = x4 – 5 No!

x has an exponent other than 1.

 Linear Equations

A linear function is a function whose ordered pairs satisfy a linear equation.

Any linear function can be written in the form f(x) = mx + b, where m and b
are real numbers.

State whether each function is a linear function. Explain.

a) f(x) = 10 – 5x Yes!
It can be written as f(x) = – 5x + 10
m = – 5, b = 10

b) g(x) = x4 – 5 No!

x has an exponent other than 1.

c) h(x, y) = 2xy
 Linear Equations

A linear function is a function whose ordered pairs satisfy a linear equation.

Any linear function can be written in the form f(x) = mx + b, where m and b
are real numbers.

State whether each function is a linear function. Explain.

a) f(x) = 10 – 5x Yes!
It can be written as f(x) = – 5x + 10
m = – 5, b = 10

b) g(x) = x4 – 5 No!

x has an exponent other than 1.

c) h(x, y) = 2xy No!

 Linear Equations

A linear function is a function whose ordered pairs satisfy a linear equation.

Any linear function can be written in the form f(x) = mx + b, where m and b
are real numbers.

State whether each function is a linear function. Explain.

a) f(x) = 10 – 5x Yes!
It can be written as f(x) = – 5x + 10
m = – 5, b = 10

b) g(x) = x4 – 5 No!

x has an exponent other than 1.

c) h(x, y) = 2xy No!

Two variables are multiplied together.
Linear Equations

To avoid decompression
sickness, it is recommended
that divers ascend no faster
than 30 feet per minute.
 Linear Equations

The linear function P(d) = 62.5d + 217

can be used to find the pressure (lb/ft2)
at a depth of d ft. below the surface of
the water.

To avoid decompression
sickness, it is recommended
that divers ascend no faster
than 30 feet per minute.
 Linear Equations

The linear function P(d) = 62.5d + 217

can be used to find the pressure (lb/ft2)
at a depth of d ft. below the surface of
the water.

Find the pressure at a depth of 350 feet.

To avoid decompression
sickness, it is recommended
that divers ascend no faster
than 30 feet per minute.
 Linear Equations

The linear function P(d) = 62.5d + 217

can be used to find the pressure (lb/ft2)
at a depth of d ft. below the surface of
the water.

Find the pressure at a depth of 350 feet.

P(d) = 62.5d + 217

To avoid decompression
sickness, it is recommended
that divers ascend no faster
than 30 feet per minute.
 Linear Equations

The linear function P(d) = 62.5d + 217

can be used to find the pressure (lb/ft2)
at a depth of d ft. below the surface of
the water.

Find the pressure at a depth of 350 feet.

P(d) = 62.5d + 217

P(350) = 62.5(350) + 217 To avoid decompression
sickness, it is recommended
that divers ascend no faster
than 30 feet per minute.
 Linear Equations

The linear function P(d) = 62.5d + 217

can be used to find the pressure (lb/ft2)
at a depth of d ft. below the surface of
the water.

Find the pressure at a depth of 350 feet.

P(d) = 62.5d + 217

P(350) = 62.5(350) + 217 To avoid decompression
P(350) = 22,092 sickness, it is recommended
that divers ascend no faster
than 30 feet per minute.
 Linear Equations

The linear function P(d) = 62.5d + 217

can be used to find the pressure (lb/ft2)
at a depth of d ft. below the surface of
the water.

Find the pressure at a depth of 350 feet.

P(d) = 62.5d + 217

P(350) = 62.5(350) + 217 To avoid decompression
P(350) = 22,092 sickness, it is recommended
that divers ascend no faster
than 30 feet per minute.

lb
The pressure at a depth of 350 feet is about 22,000
ft 2
 Linear Equations

Any linear function can be written in standard form.

 Linear Equations

Any linear function can be written in standard form.

Standard Form of a Linear Function

 Linear Equations

Any linear function can be written in standard form.

Standard Form of a Linear Function

The standard form of a linear function is Ax + By = C, where A > 0,

 Linear Equations

Any linear function can be written in standard form.

Standard Form of a Linear Function

The standard form of a linear function is Ax + By = C, where A > 0,

A and B are not both zero.
 Linear Equations

Any linear function can be written in standard form.

Standard Form of a Linear Function

The standard form of a linear function is Ax + By = C, where A > 0,

A and B are not both zero.

Also, A, B, and C are integers whose greatest common factor is 1

 Linear Equations

Standard Form of a Linear Function

The standard form of a linear function is Ax + By = C, where A > 0,

A and B are not both zero.

Also, A, B, and C are integers whose greatest common factor is 1

Write the equation in Standard Form:

y  3x  4
 Linear Equations

Standard Form of a Linear Function

The standard form of a linear function is Ax + By = C, where A > 0,

A and B are not both zero.

Also, A, B, and C are integers whose greatest common factor is 1

Write the equation in Standard Form:

y  3x 4
3x  y  4
 Linear Equations

Standard Form of a Linear Function

The standard form of a linear function is Ax + By = C, where A > 0,

A and B are not both zero.

Also, A, B, and C are integers whose greatest common factor is 1

Write the equation in Standard Form:

1 1
x  y 6
2 2
 Linear Equations

Standard Form of a Linear Function

The standard form of a linear function is Ax + By = C, where A > 0,

A and B are not both zero.

Also, A, B, and C are integers whose greatest common factor is 1

Write the equation in Standard Form:

1 1
x y 6
2 2

x  y 12
 Linear Equations

In the previous lesson, you graphed functions by using a table of values.

 Linear Equations

In the previous lesson, you graphed functions by using a table of values.

Since two points determine a line, there are quicker ways to graph linear functions.
 Linear Equations

In the previous lesson, you graphed functions by using a table of values.

Since two points determine a line, there are quicker ways to graph linear functions.
One way is to find the points at which the graph intersects each axis and then connect
them with a line.
y

x
 Linear Equations

In the previous lesson, you graphed functions by using a table of values.

Since two points determine a line, there are quicker ways to graph linear functions.
One way is to find the points at which the graph intersects each axis and then connect
them with a line.
y

The y-coordinate of the point at which the graph (0, 3)

crosses the y-axis is called the .
x
 Linear Equations

In the previous lesson, you graphed functions by using a table of values.

Since two points determine a line, there are quicker ways to graph linear functions.
One way is to find the points at which the graph intersects each axis and then connect
them with a line.
y

The y-coordinate of the point at which the graph (0, 3)

crosses the y-axis is called the y - intercept .
x
 Linear Equations

In the previous lesson, you graphed functions by using a table of values.

Since two points determine a line, there are quicker ways to graph linear functions.
One way is to find the points at which the graph intersects each axis and then connect
them with a line.
y

The y-coordinate of the point at which the graph (0, 3)

crosses the y-axis is called the y - intercept .
(-4, 0)
x

The x-coordinate of the point at which the graph

crosses the x-axis is called the .
 Linear Equations

In the previous lesson, you graphed functions by using a table of values.

Since two points determine a line, there are quicker ways to graph linear functions.
One way is to find the points at which the graph intersects each axis and then connect
them with a line.
y

The y-coordinate of the point at which the graph (0, 3)

crosses the y-axis is called the y - intercept .
(-4, 0)
x

The x-coordinate of the point at which the graph

crosses the x-axis is called the x - intercept .
 Linear Equations

In the previous lesson, you graphed functions by using a table of values.

Since two points determine a line, there are quicker ways to graph linear functions.
One way is to find the points at which the graph intersects each axis and then connect
them with a line.
y

The y-coordinate of the point at which the graph (0, 3)

crosses the y-axis is called the y - intercept .
(-4, 0)
x

The x-coordinate of the point at which the graph

crosses the x-axis is called the x - intercept .
 Linear Equations
Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph of the equation.
Then graph the equation.

5x  3y 15

x
 Linear Equations
Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph of the equation.
Then graph the equation.

5x  3y 15

The x-intercept is the value of x when y = 0. y

5x  3(0)  15

x
 Linear Equations
Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph of the equation.
Then graph the equation.

5x  3y 15

The x-intercept is the value of x when y = 0. y

5x  3(0) 15
5x  15
x
 Linear Equations
Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph of the equation.
Then graph the equation.

5x  3y 15

The x-intercept is the value of x when y = 0. y

5x  3(0) 15
5x  15
x
(3, 0)
x 3
 Linear Equations
Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph of the equation.
Then graph the equation.

5x  3y 15

The x-intercept is the value of x when y = 0. y

5x  3(0) 15
5x  15
x
(3, 0)
x 3
The y-intercept is the value of y when x = 0.

5(0)  3y  15
 Linear Equations
Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph of the equation.
Then graph the equation.

5x  3y 15

The x-intercept is the value of x when y = 0. y

(0, 5)
5x  3(0) 15
5x  15
x
(3, 0)
x 3
The y-intercept is the value of y when x = 0.

5(0)  3y 15
3y 15
y 5
 Linear Equations
Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph of the equation.
Then graph the equation.

5x  3y 15

The x-intercept is the value of x when y = 0. y

(0, 5)
5x  3(0) 15
5x  15
x
(3, 0)
x 3
The y-intercept is the value of y when x = 0.

5(0)  3y 15
3y 15
y 5
 Linear Equations
Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph of the equation.
Then graph the equation.

5x  3y 15

The x-intercept is the value of x when y = 0. y

5x  3(0) 15
5x  15
x
(3, 0)
x 3
The y-intercept is the value of y when x = 0.

5(0)  3y 15
3y 15
 Linear Equations
Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph of the equation.
Then graph the equation.

5x  3y 15

The x-intercept is the value of x when y = 0. y

(0, 5)
5x  3(0) 15
5x  15
x
(3, 0)
x 3
The y-intercept is the value of y when x = 0.

5(0)  3y 15
3y 15
y 5
 Linear Equations
Find the x-intercept and the y-intercept of the graph of the equation.
Then graph the equation.

5x  3y 15

The x-intercept is the value of x when y = 0. y

(0, 5)
5x  3(0) 15
5x  15
x
(3, 0)
x 3
The y-intercept is the value of y when x = 0.

5(0)  3y 15
3y 15
y 5
 Linear Equations
Solve each of the following equations:

(a) 2 + 3x = 23
(b) 3x + 14 = 2x − 5
(c) 5(x − 4) = 2(x − 3)
(d) 1 2 (x + 7) = 3x 5 + 9.
(e) 3(x+5)=2(−6−x)−2x
𝑚−2 2𝑚
(f) +1=
3 7
5 10−𝑦
(g) −6 = 2
2𝑦 𝑦 −6𝑦+9
2𝑧 3
(h) = +2
𝑧+3 𝑧−10

Answers (a) x = 7 (b) x = −19 (c) x = 14/3 (d) x = −55.

(e) x = −27/7 (f) M = −7 (g) y = 5 (h) 17/3 = z
 Linear Equations
Solve each of the following:

1. The sum of two numbers is 25. One of the numbers exceeds the other by 9. Find
the numbers.

2. The difference between the two numbers is 48. The ratio of the two numbers is
7:3. What are the two numbers?

3. The length of a rectangle is twice its breadth. If the perimeter is 72 metre, find
the length and breadth of the rectangle.

4. Aaron is 5 years younger than Ron. Four years later, Ron will be twice as old as
Aaron. Find their present ages.

5. A number is divided into two parts, such that one part is 10 more than the other.
If the two parts are in the ratio 5 : 3, find the number and the two parts.

6. Robert’s father is 4 times as old as Robert. After 5 years, father will be three
times as old as Robert. Find their present ages.
 Linear Equations

Solve each of the following:

7. The sum of two consecutive multiples of 5 is 55. Find these

multiples.

8. The difference in the measures of two complementary angles is 12°.

Find the measure of the angles.

9. The cost of two tables and three chairs is $705. If the table costs
$40 more than the chair, find the cost of the table and the chair.

10. If 3/5 ᵗʰ of a number is 4 more than 1/2 the number, then what is
the number?
 Linear Equations

11. Tee Shirts sell for $15 each and striped shirts for $22 each. A total
of 62 shirts are sold, and the total value of the shirts is $1098. How
many of each kind of shirt were sold?

12. Calvin Butterball buys a book for $14.70, which is a $30% discount
off the regular price. What is the regular price of the book?

13. Joe has 4 less than 7 times as many shirts as Mark. Together, Joe
and Mark have 140 shirts. How many shirts does Joe have? How many
shirts does Mark have?

14. 5x + 3y = 30

15. 2x + 5y = 20 and 3x+6y =12.

16. 3x−y=7 and 2x+3y=1

 Linear Equations
1. A boat running downstream covers a distance of 20 km in 2 hours
while for covering the same distance upstream, it takes 5 hours. What
is the speed of the boat in still water?

2. The cost of 4 pens and 4 pencil boxes is Rs 100. Three times the cost
of a pen is Rs 15 more than the cost of a pencil box. Form the pair of
linear equations for the above situation. Find the cost of a pen and a
pencil box.

3. Ankita travels 14 km to her home partly by rickshaw and partly by

bus. She takes half an hour if she travels 2 km by rickshaw, and the
remaining distance by bus.

4. A boat running upstream takes 6 hours 30 minutes to cover a certain

distance, while it takes 3 hours to cover the same distance running
downstream. What is the ratio between the speed of the boat and
speed of the water current respectively?
Let us consider the speed of a boat is u km/h and the speed of the stream is v km/h,
then:
Speed Downstream = (u + v) km/h
Speed Upstream = (u – v) km/h
We know that Speed = Distance/Time
So, the speed of boat when running downstream = (20⁄2) km/h = 10 km/h
The speed of boat when running upstream = (20⁄5) km/h = 4 km/h\
From above, u + v = 10>…….(1)

u – v = 4 ………. (2)

Adding equation 1 and 2, we get: 2u = 1

u = 7 km/h

Also, v = 3 km/h

Therefore, the speed of the boat in still water = u = 7 km/h

If the speed downstream is a km/hr and the speed upstream is b km/hr, then

Speed in still water = a + b km/h

Rate of stream = ½ (a − b) kmph

Let the Boat’s rate upstream be x kmph and that downstream be y kmph.

Then, distance covered upstream in 6 hrs 30 min = Distance covered downstream in 3 hrs.

⇒x×6=y×3

⇒ 13/2x = 3y

⇒y=x

The required ratio is = y+x2 : y–x2 ⇒ 13x6 + x2 : 13x6 − x2 ⇒ 19x62 : 7x62

= 19:7