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Structural Organisation in Animals

This document discusses the four primary tissue types found in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. It provides details on the classification, characteristics and functions of each type of tissue. Epithelial tissues cover surfaces and line cavities. Connective tissues bind and support other tissues. Muscle tissues allow movement. Nervous tissues receive and transmit nerve impulses. The document delves into subclasses of each tissue and their distinctive features.

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Pukazhvanthen Paramanandhan
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2K views49 pages

Structural Organisation in Animals

This document discusses the four primary tissue types found in the human body: epithelial, connective, muscle and nervous tissue. It provides details on the classification, characteristics and functions of each type of tissue. Epithelial tissues cover surfaces and line cavities. Connective tissues bind and support other tissues. Muscle tissues allow movement. Nervous tissues receive and transmit nerve impulses. The document delves into subclasses of each tissue and their distinctive features.

Uploaded by

Pukazhvanthen Paramanandhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Structural organization

in
Animals
Presentation by
Dr. P. Pukazhvanthen., M.Sc (JIPMER), Ph.D (ICMR-NIRT).
Tissues
Body tissues are classified into four types, based on

 Structure of the cells.

 Composition of the non cellular substances surrounding the cells (called


the extra cellular matrix).

 Functions of the cells.

The four primary tissue types are

i. Epithelial tissue (covers body surfaces, lines body cavities, and forms
glands).
ii. Connective tissue (binds and supports body parts).
iii. Muscle tissue (moves the body and its parts).
iv. Nervous tissue (receives stimuli and transmits nerve impulses).
Four basic tissue types: Epithelial, Connective, Muscle, and Nervous
Epithelial tissues
Characteristics of Epithelial Tissue
Classification of Epithelial cells

(dry)
Types of epithelial cells
Simple Squamous epithelium
Simple Cuboidal epithelium
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Stratified epithelium - Stratified Squamous
Stratified epithelium - Stratified Cuboidal
Stratified epithelium - Stratified Columnar
Pseudostratified Columnar epithelium
Transitional Epithelium
Summary of epithelial Tissues
Summary of epithelial Tissues
Summary of epithelial Tissues Contd….
Cell Junctions

(Zona Occludens)

(Zonula Adherens)
Glands
 Endocrine glands
 Exocrine glands
 Unicellular
 Multicellular

Unicellular gland
Multi cellular exocrine glands
Simple glands (single, nonbranched ducts)

and pancreas

Compound glands (multiple, branched ducts)


Exocrine Glands and Secretion Types
Skin and subcutaneous layer
Layers of the Cells in the
epidermis epidermis
Sensory receptors in the epidermis and dermis of skin
Summary of Skin glands

(Holocrine) (Merocrine)

(Odoriferous)
Connective tissues

Connective tissues

Loose connective Dense connective Specialized connective

Areolar Adipose Dense Dense Skeletal Blood Reticular


Regular Irregular

Yellow elastic White fibrous Bone


Ligament Tendon
Compact Spongy

Cartilage

Hyaline Elastic Fibrous


Components of Connective tissue
Components of Connective tissue
Molecules of the Connective Tissue Matrix
Embryonic connective tissue - Mesenchyme
Embryonic connective tissue – Mucous Connective tissue
Loose Connective Tissue – Areolar tissue
Loose Connective Tissue – Adipose tissue

White adipose tissue – in Adult.


Brown adipose tissue – in Fetus and Infant.
Loose Connective Tissue – Reticular tissue
Dense Connective Tissue – Regular (White, Collagenous)
Dense Connective Tissue – Regular (Yellow, Elastic)
Dense irregular connective tissue
Supporting connective tissues – Cartilages - Hyaline Cartilage
Fibro Cartilage
Comparison between three types of cartilages
Elastic cartilage
Supporting connective tissues - Bone
Fluid Connective Tissue: Blood and Hemopoietic Tissue
(a)
Muscular tissues
Nervous tissue
Neurons and neuroglia
References and figure courtesy
 Principles of Anatomy and Physiology by Tortora & Derrickson, 15th edition.
 Seeley’s Anatomy & Physiology, eleventh edition.
 General Anatomy by B.D. Chaurausia.

49

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