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Chapter 1 Theories

The document discusses theories of crime causation and provides an overview of criminological theory. It covers three main theories - psychological, biological, and sociological approaches. For each approach, it examines key concepts like how psychological theories view crime as resulting from abnormal mental processes, and sociological theories attempt to connect individual criminality to broader social structures.
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0% found this document useful (0 votes)
152 views27 pages

Chapter 1 Theories

The document discusses theories of crime causation and provides an overview of criminological theory. It covers three main theories - psychological, biological, and sociological approaches. For each approach, it examines key concepts like how psychological theories view crime as resulting from abnormal mental processes, and sociological theories attempt to connect individual criminality to broader social structures.
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPT, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Theories of Crime Causation

• Chapter 1 introduction to
Criminological theory

Presented by:
Almerian B. Tayobong
Theories of Crime Causation
• Overview of the word "theory"
• History
• Three theories of Criminal Behavior
• What is theory?
Search from the ff.
According to: APA, Dr. Caño, Dr. Tancangco,
Dr. Delizo, Webster, Merriam, william and
McShame, 2010-pdf.
Theories of Crime Causation

Routine Activity Theory


Know the Diagram
Who is the Author
1. PSYCHOLOGY, 2. BIOLOGY,
3. SOCIOLOGY
IN CRIMINOLOGY

Almerian B. Tayobong, MSCJ, RCrim


1. PSYCHOLOGY IN CRIMINOLOGY
LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
1.Understand the development of
abnormal behavior
2.Detect individuals having criminal
tendencies
3.Identify programs to prevent
criminal tendencies
4.Determine investigative techniques
to identify probable suspects
What is Psychology?
(Webster)

Science of the
human mind in
any of its:
•Aspects
•Operations
•Powers
•Functions
What is Psychology?
(Webster)
Systematic investigation
of mental phenomena,
especially those
associated with:
•Consciousness
•Behavior
•Problems of adjustment
to the environment
What is Psychology?
(Grolier)

Systematic study of
human and animal
behavior.
Psychological Approach
from Freudian notions
1.the individual is the primary unit of
analysis in psychological theories
2.personality is the major
motivational element that drives
behavior within individuals
3.normality is generally defined by
soscial consensus.
Psychological Approach
from Freudian notions
4. Crimes then would result from abnormal,
dysfunctional, or inappropriate mental
processes within the personality of the
individual
5. criminal behavior may be purposeful for the
individual insofar as it addresses certain felt
needs
6. defective or abnormal, mental processes may
have a variety of causes ex, a diseased mind,
inappropriate learning or improper
conditioning, the emulation of inaapropriate
role models and adjustment to inner conflicts.
(Mishcel, 1968)
Psychological Approach
some assumption
• Operant learning Models
–traditional imprisonment , fines and
other sanction
• Utilitarian Concepts
–pain and pleasure
• Skinnerian Concepts
– reinforcement work better
Sociological Approach
• Attempting to connect to the issues
of the individual's criminality with the
broader social structures and
cultural values of society, family or
peer group.
• How the contradictions of all of these
interacting groups contribute to
criminality.
Sociological Approach
• The ways these structures cultures
and contradictions has historically
developed.
• the current processes of change that
these groups are undergoing
• criminality is viewed from the point
of view of the social construction of
criminality and its social causes.
Behaviorism
Scientific Psychology should focus on
observable behavior.
Psych the Science of Behavior
Mental Processes cannot
John Watson
(1878-1958) be studied directly

Stimulus
Response
Psychology
Ivan Pavlov
Who is a Psychologist?
(Grolier)
One who tries to understand why living
beings –
•Act the way they do
•How they grow up
•How they learn and change
•How they differ from one another
•How do they get in trouble or become
disturbed
Psychology is Empirical
Knowledge acquired through observation

Psychologists must be skeptical


and think critically
What is the evidence?
How was it collected?

Psych conclusions based on research


NOT tradition or common sense
Psych Is Theoretically Diverse
A system of interrelated ideas used
Theory to explain a set of observations

Biological Clinical
Psychology Psychoanalytic
Perspective Perspective

Dreams
Psych & Sociohistorical Context
Trends & Issues Advances In
In Society Psychology

Psychology develops in both a


social & historical context

Early Psychology Society Today


Affected by Affected by
physics & physiology psychological testing
(IQ, SAT, GRE)
What Causes Behavior?
Behavior is Shaped by Culture

Personal
Space
Value of
Education

Punctuality

Social
Norms
Influence of Heredity &
Environment

Nature versus Nurture


Perception Is Subjective
Internal Information External Information
Prior Expectations Actual Words/Actions
Current Mental State Image Reflected from Objects
Experience “Sound” Waves

Both Determine
Our Experience
of the World
Do you recognize the image?
What boy’s doing?
What is Criminology?

Criminology is the scientific


approach to the
study of the nature, extent,
cause, and
control of criminal behavior
Most important areas of interest
for criminologists?
• The development of criminal
law and its use to define crime
• The cause of law violations
• The methods used to control
criminal behavior
• The extent of crime
Categories of Contemporary
Criminological Theories
Sociological Psycho-
Biological Theories logical
Theories Theories
Choice
Theory
Early
General
Criminal
Routine
Theories Behavior Activity
Social Social Theory
learning Social
disorganization control
Theory Theory Theory

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