Problem:

Given the accompanying data, determine the area of a piece of land

with an irregular boundary as follows:

STATION OFFSET DISTANCE (m) STATION OFFSET DISTANCE (m)

0+000 5.59 0+115 6.20 / 6.62

0+010 3.38 0+140 7.50 / 16.38

0+020 2.30 0+165 9.50 / 10.35

0+030 3.96 0+190 12.30

0+045 4.80 0+215 10.80

0+060 5.60 / 12.22 0+240 2.70

0+075 6.40 / 11.32 0+245 0

0+090 7.90 / 8.82

The stations are on a straight line boundary. Find the area of the land
using:
① Trapezoidal Rule.

② Simpson’s One-Third Rule.

③ Compute the difference between Trapezoidal Rule and Simpson’s

One-Third Rule.
ANSWERS:
1. 1742.25 m2 / 2187.5 m2
2. 1750.39 m2 / 2320.09 m2
3. 8.14 m2 / 132.59 m2
MISSING DATA
CE268 – General Surveying
 Problem_1_
From the given data of a closed
traversed, compute the following:
LINES BEARING DISTANCES
AB S 8°51’ W 129.90 m.
BC N 18°51’ W 90.20 m.
CD N 8°51’ E 88.40 m.
DA ---- ----
1. Bearing of line DA.
2. Distance of line DA.
3. Area of lot ABCD in acres.
 Problem_2_
The given compound data of a five sided lot.
LINES LATITUDE DEPARTURE DMD DA
AB +57.81 +16.03 ---- ----
BC x +72.04 ---- -1002.71
CD y +13.36 +189.50 -8108.71
DE -18.75 ---- ---- ----
EA +13.36 -48.18 ---- ----

1. Compute the bearing of line CD.

2. Compute the DMD of line DE.
3. Compute the area of the 5 sided lot in square meters.
 Problem_3_
Given below are the corresponding data of a computation for area of
a given lot with missing data.
COURSE LATITUDE DEPARTURE DMD DA
1–2 +60 +16 ---- ----
2–3 ---- +70 ---- -1428
3–4 ---- +14 +186 -5580
4–5 -28 ---- ---- ----
5–1 +12 -46 ---- ----

1. Compute the bearing of line 3 – 4.

2. Compute the DMD of line 4 – 5.
3. Compute the area of the whole lot in acres.
 Problem_4_
From the given closed traversed shown.
LINES BEARING DISTANCES
A-B S 35°30’ W 44.37 m.
B-C N 57°15’ W 137.84 m.
C-D N 1°45’ E 12.83 m.
D-E ---- 64.86 m.
E-A ---- 106.72 m.

1. Compute the bearing of line DE.

2. Compute the bearing of line EA.
3. Compute the area of the lot.
 Problem_5_
From the given closed traversed shown.
LINES AZIMUTH DISTANCES
A-B 15°36’ ----
B-C 290°49’ ----
C-D 237°58’ 77.45 m.
D-A 80°43’ 75.00 m.

1. Compute the distance BC.

2. Compute the distance AB.
3. Compute the area by DMD method.
 Problem_6_
From the given technical description of lot ABCD as shown, compute
the following.
LINES AZIMUTH DISTANCES
A-B ---- ----
B-C S 34° E 120 m.
C-D S 88° W 180 m.
D-A ---- ----
A-C S 68° E 220 m.

1. Area of lot ABCD in acres.

2. Distance of AB.
3. Distance of DA.
TRIANGULATION
CE268 – General Surveying
TRIANGULATION
Triangulation – a method for extending horizontal control for
topographic and similar surveys which require observations of
triangular figures whose angles are measured and whose sides are
determined by trigonometric computations.
Four common geometric figures used in triangulation:
1. Chain of single and independent triangles.
2. Chain of quadrilaterals formed with overlapping triangles.
3. Chain of polygons or central-point figures.
4. Chain of polygons each with an extra diagonal.
TRIANGULATION
Approximate method of adjusting the angles and sides of
triangulation systems.
1. Station Adjustment
Sum of angles about a station is equal to 360°.
2. Figure Adjustment
Sum of three angles in each triangle formed is equal to 180°.

Two methods of adjustment of Quadrilateral

1. Angle Condition Equations
2. Side Condition Equations
 Problem_7_
In the quadrilateral ABCD, the following angles are measured.
ANGLE VALUE
BCD 33°
ADC 34°30’
ACB 49°30’
ADB 37°30’

1. Find the angle CAD.

2. Find the angle BAD.
3. Find the angle ABC.
 Problem_8_
Triangulation stations A, B, C, D has the following observation
angles.
ANGLE VALUE
ACB 50°
BAD 20°
BCD 30°
ABC 50°
CAD 60°

1. Find the angle CBD.

2. Find the angle BDA.
3. Find the angle BDC.
 Problem_9_
Station C is located by intersection from triangulation points B and A
for which the coordinates of corner A as 20000 Northings and 20000
Eastings. The distance and azimuth from north of the line A to B are
895.86 m. and 235°20’32”, respectively. The measured horizontal
angles are angle BAC = 80°27’35.8” and CBA = 54°14’37.8”.

1. Compute the distance BC.

2. Compute the distance AC.
3. Compute the coordinates of corner C by intersection.