Personal Development

Lesson 1 – Knowing Oneself

Personal Development
Knowing Oneself

Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students are expected to:
1. demonstrate understanding of himself/herself during
the middle and late adolescence;
2. conduct self-exploration and simple disclosure;
3. explain that knowing oneself can make a person
accept his/her strengths and limitations and dealing
with others better;

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Objectives
4. share his/ her unique characteristics, habits,
and experiences; and
5. maintain a journal.

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Personal Development
Knowing Oneself

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Knowing Oneself
Ako ‘Yan!
1. The teacher will be showing some
qualities/ characteristics of a person.
2. Students will raise their placards to
represent their answers.

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Personal Development
Knowing Oneself

Start Up
Video Clip
Ted Talks – Ze Frank, Are You Human?
http://www.ted.com/talks/ze_frank_are_you_human

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Personal Development -
Introduction

What is Development?
 a progressive series of
changes that occur in a  It is the act or process
predictable pattern as of growing or causing
the result of interactions something to grow or
between biological and become larger or more
environmental factors. advanced
(Salkind, 2004)
Personal Development -
Introduction

What is Human Development?

 developing through the many
changes that take place in the life of
human beings as a result of many
factors
 attempts to understand how
human grow in different aspects:
physical, mental, emotional, social
behavioral, spiritual, etc.

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Personal Development -
Introduction
3 Aspects or Domains of Human
Development

1.Physical development
2.Cognitive development
3.Psychosocial development
Personal Development -
Introduction

Aspect or domains of Human Development

Physical
development
 covers the growth of
the brain, motor and
sensory skills, and even
physical health
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Personal Development -
Introduction

Cognitive
Development
 covers our capacity to
learn, to speak, to
understand, to reason,
and to create

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Personal Development -
Introduction

Psychosocial
Development
 includes our social
interactions with other
people, our emotions,
attitudes, self-identity,
personality, beliefs, and
values

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Personal Development -
Introduction

How is Human Development influenced?

Heredity: inborn traits passed on by the

generation of offspring from both sides of the
biological parents’ families

Environment: the world outside of ourselves

and the experiences that result from our contact
and interaction with this external world

Maturation: natural progression of the brain and

the body that affects the cognitive,
psychological, and social dimension of a person.

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Personal Development -
Introduction
Personality Development VS Personal
Development
Personality Development
 process in which a person learns set of
emotional qualities and ways of
behaving (table etiquette, sit properly
and walk with grace, dress
appropriately and communicate better)
 image enhancement, such as skin care
and make-up, fashion and clothing,
even body contouring, modeling,
beauty pageant, etc.

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Personal Development -
Introduction
Personality Development VS Personal
Development
Personal Development
 process in which a person reflects
upon themselves, understand who
they are, accept what they discover
about themselves, and learn (or
unlearn) new sets of values,
attitudes, behavior, and thinking
skilled to reach their fullest potential
as a human beings

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Personal Development -
Introduction

THINK. PAIR. SHARE

Based on the given concepts –
human development, personality,
and personal development, which
do you think should be learned
first?

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Personal Development
Knowing Oneself

Defining “Self”
In philosophical terms, it is the being, which is
the source of a person’s consciousness.

It is the agent responsible for an individual’s

thoughts and actions.

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Personal Development
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It is an intangible entity that directs a

person’s thoughts and action.

In, psychology, sociology, or religion, it is

the essence of a person: his thoughts,
feelings and actions, experiences, beliefs,
values, principles, and relationships.

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It includes a person’s life purpose,

meaning, and aspirations.

Therefore, when we speak of the

“Self”, we will describe it in
personality terms since personality
is also referred to as the set of
behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and
motives.
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Personal Development
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Think. Pair. Share

Find a partner. Be ready to answer the following
questions and share.
1. How do you describe yourself as a person?
2. What did you feel after watching the video,
“Are you Human?”
3. Draw a symbol or symbols of what represents
your “Self”. Share this with your partner.

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Personal Development
Knowing Oneself

Knowing Thyself
According to Socrates,
the most important thing to
pursue was self-knowledge,
and admitting one’s
ignorance is the beginning
of true knowledge.

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Personal Development
Knowing Oneself

According to Plato, one of

Socrates’ students, the
beginning of knowledge is
self-knowledge.

The ancient Hindu writings Upanishads

confirmed, “Enquiry into the truth of the “Self”
is knowledge.

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Personal Development
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According to the Persian poet Rumi

ruminated, “Who am I in the midst of all this
traffic?”

The American poet Walt Whitman

celebrated his “Self” as “simple, separate person.”

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Personal Development
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Knowing Thyself
Reflection:
Watch the video entitled
“How Do You Get to Know Yourself Fully? ”
Guide Questions:
1. What insights have you gained about yourself
from the video you have watched?
2. According to the speaker, how do you get to
know yourself fully?

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Personal Development
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Personality
It refers to the unique and relatively
enduring set of behaviors, feelings, thoughts, and
motives that characterize an individual. (Feist and
Rosenberg, 2012)
Two key components of personality:
1. Uniqueness
2. Enduring or consistency

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Personal Development
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Personality
Gordon Allport defines
personality as “a pattern of habits,
attitudes, and traits that
determine an individual’s
characteristics, behaviors, and
traits” (Sanchez, Abad, and Jao,
2012)

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Personal Development
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Watch the video clip of self-esteem.

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Personal Development
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Factors that Influences Personality

1. Nature (heredity or
genetic make-up)
2. Nurture
(environment)

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Five Universal Dimensions of Personality

OCEAN
Openness to experience
Conscientiousness
Extraversion
Agreeableness
Neuroticism

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Knowing Oneself

Trait theories of personality have long

attempted to pin down exactly how many
personality traits exist. Earlier theories have
suggested a various number of possible traits,
including Gordon Allport's list of 4,000
personality traits, Raymond Cattell's 16
personality factors, and Hans Eysenck's three-
factor theory.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Knowing Oneself

However, many
researchers felt that Cattell's
theory was too complicated
and Eysenck's was too
limited in scope. As a result,
the five-factor theory
emerged to describe the
essential traits that serve as
the building blocks of
personality.
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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Knowing Oneself

Today, many researchers believe that there

are five core personality traits. Evidence of this
theory has been growing over the past 50 years,
beginning with the research of D. W. Fiske
(1949) and later expanded upon by other
researchers including Norman (1967), Smith
(1967), Goldberg (1981), and McCrae & Costa
(1987).

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Knowing Oneself

Big Five Dimensions of Personality

The five broad personality traits
described by the theory are:
1. Extraversion
2. Agreeableness
3. Openness
4. Conscientiousness
5. Neuroticism

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Knowing Oneself

1. Openness:
• This trait features characteristics such as
imagination and insight, and those high in this
trait also tend to have a broad range of
interests. People who are high in this trait
tend to be more adventurous and creative.
People low in this trait are often much more
traditional and may struggle with abstract
thinking.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Knowing Oneself

• It is important to note that each of the five

personality factors represents a range
between two extremes.
• For example, extraversion represents a
continuum between extreme extraversion and
extreme introversion. In the real world, most
people lie somewhere in between the two
polar ends of each dimension.

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Knowing Oneself

2. Conscientiousness:
• Standard features of this dimension
include high levels of thoughtfulness,
with good impulse control and goal-
directed behaviors. Those high on
conscientiousness tend to be organized
and mindful of details.

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
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3. Extraversion:
• is characterized by excitability, sociability,
talkativeness, assertiveness and high amounts
of emotional expressiveness.
• People who are high in extroversion are
outgoing and tend to gain energy in social
situations. People who are low in extroversion
(or introverted) tend to be more reserved and
have to expend energy in social settings.
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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Knowing Oneself

4. Agreeableness:
• This personality dimension includes
attributes such as trust, altruism, kindness,
affection and other prosocial behaviors.
• People who are high in agreeableness tend
to be more cooperative while those low in
this trait tend to be more competitive and
even manipulative.
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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT
Knowing Oneself

5. Neuroticism:
• Neuroticism is a trait characterized by
sadness, moodiness, and emotional
instability. Individuals who are high in this
trait tend to experience mood swings,
anxiety, moodiness, irritability and sadness.
Those low in this trait tend to be more
stable and emotionally resilient.

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Personal Development
Knowing Oneself

Ways to Measure Personality

The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

E or I (Extraversion or Introversion)
S or N (Sensing or Intuition)
T or F (Thinking or Feeling)
J or P (Judgment or Perception)
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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

E or I (Extraversion or Introversion)
- how an individual prefers to channel his or
her energy when dealing with people,
whether it is inward (introversion) or
outward(extraversion)

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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

S or N (Sensing or Intuition)
- how one prefers to process information,
whether through the use of senses such as
being able to describe what one sees, or
intuitively like dealing with ideas.

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Personal Development
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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

T or F (Thinking or Feeling)
- how an individual prefers to make
decisions, either thinking or using logic and
analysis, or feeling which uses the cognitive
senses based on values or beliefs

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Personal Development
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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator

J or P (Judgment or Perception)
- how an individual prefers to manage
one’s life, whether through judging, which
means a planned and organized life, versus
perception, which has more flexible
approach to living

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Personal Development
Knowing Oneself

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Enrichment

1. Self-Awareness Exercise – Wheel of Self Tune

Direction: Like a wheel that moves a carriage, identify
your favorites and interest that drive you, energize
you, makes you happy, inspire you to move on and
level up. Copy the wheel of self-tune on a short bond
paper. Write your answer on each spike of the wheel.

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2. My Personal Inventory
a. Access the PDF copy from the lessons folder
entitled My Personal Inventory.
b. Copy and fill in the inventory according to
how you see yourself.
c. Share the result of your MPI with your group
mates.

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Personal Development
Knowing Oneself

It’s the “Selfie” Project – Show Yourself:

Then and Now!
1. Present some interesting changes in you.
2. Make a collage of pictures.
3. In the first box, collect and post some o your photos
when you were still young.
4. In the other box, post some of your current pictures.
Be creative. Look how you’ve grown.

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Create a personal collage.

It’s the “Selfie” Project – Show Yourself:
Then and Now!

Then Now

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PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

References
Mejorada, et. al (2016) Growing in Character: A Senior
High School Textbook on Personal Development.
Brilliant Creations Publishing, Inc.
Ramos,M. (2016) Moving Up: A Guide to Personal and
Career Development. Phoenix Publishing House
Santos,R. ( 2016) Personal Development 1st Edition. Rex
Bookstore

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