INDUSTRY 4.

0
 INTRODUCTION
• The very human being as a natural
concept is really going to change.
• Apart from any superfluous definitions a
single and simple one will be just the ‘ real
distinguishing between real and artificial’.
• KLAUS SCHWAB –
“ IT DOES NOT CHANGE WHAT WE
ARE DOING BUT IT CHANGES US”.
 BRIEF SYNOPSIS

• EVERY INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION HAS ITS SIGNIFICANCE

CARRIED AND NEVER CEASES TO EXISTS.

• THIS REVOLUTION MARKS BRINGING TOGETHER

DIGITAL,PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SYSTEMS.

• Schwab says that, “three things about the ongoing

transformation mark it out as a new phase rather than a
prolongation of the current revolution — velocity, scope,
and systems impact”.
 PHASES OF Ind.Rev.

“MORE PECULIAR FORM IS ITSELF ENERGY REVOLUTION AT EACH STAGE”

 POSSIBILITY OF IMPOSSIBLE

• NITA FARHANY, DUKE UNIVERSITY, USA,

“with ability to visualize brain activities,

through a simple consumer based EEG device, it actually
tries to unlock the black box our brain is”.

• It can be stated as a renaissance in relation to our life, planet and

work.
• A different economic model is required ( it does not mean neither
capitalism nor communism ).it means a technically know how
statistical models having AI capabilities.
• Shift should be on GOVT. and PVT. Sector hand in hand not in any
way total privatization as experienced earlier.
 INTRODUCTION INTO ASPECTS OF PAST,
PRESENT AND FUTURE.

• As 20th century, witnessed heavy liberalization it

introduced with itself a greater resouce divide with
Locomotives technology distribution was restricted for
economic benefits, but as locomotive technology
became common it became transport for masses.
• 4th Industrial revolution is the way forward every human
can get his basic needs monitored and fulfilled, just not
economic terms like GDP, but human well being can be
maximized directly.
• “History tells us value shift occurs on the very context of
how we want to live.” -
 Introductory technologies as 4.0 package

• SOURCE LOCKED MARKETS – a coffee mug today has it’s

root in various processes, but with introduction of technology
into gen. purpose market, 3-D printing will be reachable, at
that point only raw materials will have a global trading.
Markets of raw material will be globalize and products will be
not only localized but also home generated.

• INTEGRATED CITIES WITH GLOBAL GRIDS – cities today

have been reeling under shortages and mismanagement,
technology is the only way in which every cities needs can be
individually taken care, still integrated water, electricity and
network grid should have high level of data handling and
decision making model charecteristics.
• HEAVY OVERHAUL OF TASKS TO MECHANIZATION. – Machine level
language is enabling to interact with robots in real space and time.

• A NEW SYSTEM OF WORK AND PROFESSIONAL WELL BEING. – when

workspaces are virtually equipped to portray the real working environment ,
in natural environment, it leads to less stress on humans productive use of
time.

• CHANGING MATERIAL PROPERTIES TO CHANGING ORGANISM

PROPERTIES ITSELF. – today we are witnessing fouling as a mojor
concern, but few years down the line genome sequencing and
genome coding will help to vary their rate of secretion in such a way
that they don’t stick to surfaces.
• IT’S NOT NOW ABOUT CIRCULATING THINGS THAT ARE TOXIC
IT’S ABOUT CIRCULATION OF THINGS THAT ARE GOOD AND
ESSENTIAL FOR HUMAN GENERATIONS TO COME, IT’S NOT
ABOUT LESS POLLUTION, LESS TOXICITY NOW IT IS MORE
VALUE TASK CAN ADD TO HUMANITY. – more focus should be
given on what is needed to transport rather, than focussing on just
amount of cargo that can be achived by integrating data analytics
with world markets, and making a universal FTA.

• PROVISION OF KEY AGAINST ENERGY DISTRIBUTION LOSSES

VIA GRID APPROACH, AND INTELLIGENT MONITORING. – a grid
if at all constructed will consists of many individual mini networks,
these networks individual efficiency neesds to be monitored, not
only individually but as whole computational power for such grid
keeping in mind even one point consumption is and will be
challenging.
WHAT LIES IN THE CORE OF THIS
4.0 IS ? WILL IT AT ALL BRING AN
EQUITABLE GROWTH.
 The Main Pillars of Industry 4.0

Introduction :
• There are nine main pillars of the Fourth Industrial Revolution,
also referred to as Industry 4.0. These pillars outline the new
technology manufacturers are using to improve all areas of
production processes.
•As more smart technologies are implemented into
manufacturing systems and processes, there is room for
enormous potential. Connected machines will interact, visualize
the production chain, and make decisions automatically and
autonomously.
 Big Data Analytics
• The concept of big data applies to large, diverse and complex
datasets that affect the organizational decision making of a
company concerning their strategy.
• Therefore, the increase in level of data and improvements on
technological capabilities accelerates firms competitive advantage
by increasing productivity, innovation and competition.
• The decision makers launch big data projects to solve challenges at the
organizational level by monitoring, measuring and managing in a better
way.
• The framework of Big Data could be described as data as a tool (solve
traditional value chain problems by existing capabilities), data as an
industry (new ventures and develop software systems for handling big
data) and data as a strategy (building data resources by developing new
innovative business models).
• The process of big data analytics is to analyze the large datasets, which
gives the information about customers’ preferences, algorithms in case of
correlations, trends and other information. Big data analytics could be
used in various areas such as fault prediction to reduce error probability,
and also big data driven predictive algorithms reduce the harm before
many damages happen.
• The capability of managing big data gives a competitive advantages to
the firms, which could benefit their operations, marketing, customer
experience and more. The wider technological shifts will encourage
companies to manage mainstream business practices by increasing their
talent and infrastructure development.
 Additive Manufacturing
• While manufacturers are looking to expand the use of
additive manufacturing in their processes, technologies
like 3D Printing are already playing an important role in
three key areas:
• Design: Design teams can experiment with creating more
complex geometric shapes and structures due to the
flexibility of 3D printing technology.
• Prototyping: 3D printing is often used for prototyping,
accelerating design cycles and reducing costs.
Companies are free to fail fast in a controlled environment
and explore multiple models before deciding on final
designs.
• Low-Volume Production: When only a small amount of
a product is needed, 3D printing is the fastest and most
economical production method.
 Basic Idea of Additive
Manufacturing:

• The perceived advantage is a reduction in lead times,

production volume as well as increasing mass customization
and staying agile. Additive manufacturing is regarded as the
process of making parts from 3D model data.
• The process activities such as machining, milling are
completed by layer upon layer (powder bed, wire fed systems,
powder fed) that means small lots products could be produced
by less raw materials.
• In this technology, the tasks enable JIT production system
because of succeeding versatility, speed and adaptability.
 Simulation
• Simulation tools play a supportive role in production related activities by
promoting sustainable manufacturing environment.
• The digital tools, which achieve the design of the production system,
have the ability of self-configuration; therefore, they enable effective
shop floor management. In increasingly competitive business
environments, simulation offers the adjustments into complex systems
by planning the operations, having the knowledge and information and
accurate estimations about the system by using the engineering capacity
.
• The strategic planning could be done by simulation models which
allows dynamic investigation for production systems by the help of real
time data acquired. Therefore, the system creates real time optimization
on operations.
 Autonomous Systems
• Robots are used in manufacturing industries in order to solve complex
tasks which can not be solved easily by a human. By the traditional
automation strategy, companies could not fully implement JIT strategies
and continuous improvements if they do not opt for autonomous robots.
The current improvements in industries would make use of robots less
complicated and easily utilized them. Various human-robot interfaces
create close cooperation of utilizing robots and human brain. However,
the operator usage is also significant since it enables in connection with
the station on performed tasks. Therefore, the needed information would
be provided by the operator and controls the system, giving instructions to
the industrial robots.
• The usage of more industrial robots in factories accelerates with Industry
4.0. Robots could be used in several areas such as production, logistics,
distribution activities and could be controlled remotely by humans thanks
to the human robot cooperation. Several new technologies are introduced
by the companies in terms of robotics technology
• Example : Kuka LBR IIWA is achieving sensitive tasks in working places
and collaborate with human. This robot has the ability of learning from
human colleagues and check, optimize and document the tasks by the help
of cloud systems .
 THE BENEFITS AND THE CHALLENGES

Advantages of Industry 4.0

•Optimization: Optimizing production is a key advantage

to Industry 4.0. A Smart Factory containing hundreds or
even thousands of Smart Devices that are able to self-
optimize production will lead to an almost zero down time
in production. This is extremely important for industries
that use high end expensive manufacturing equipment
such as the semi-conductors industry. Being able to utilize
production constantly and consistently will profit the
company.
• Customization: Creating a flexible market that is customer-oriented will help
meet the population’s needs fast and smoothly. It will also destroy the gap
between the manufacturer and the customer. Communication will take place
between both directly. Manufacturers won’t have to communicate internally (in
companies and factories) and externally (to customers). This fastens the
production and delivery processes.

• Pushing Research: The adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies will push

research in various fields such as IT security and will have its effect on the
education in particular. A new industry will require a new set of skills.
Consequently, education and training will take a new shape that provides
such an industry will the required skilled labor.
 Challenges facing Industry 4.0
•Security: Perhaps the most challenging aspect of implementing Industry 4.0 techniques
is the IT security risk. This online integration will give room to security breaches and data
leaks. Cyber theft must also be put into consideration. In this case, the problem is not
individual, but can, and probably will, cost producers money and might even hurt their
reputation. Therefore, research in security is crucial.

•Capital: Such transformation will require a huge investment in a new technology that
doesn’t sound cheap. The decision to make such transformation will have to be on CEO
level. Even then, the risks must be calculated and taken seriously. In addition, such
transformation will require a huge capital, which alienates smaller businesses and might
cost them their market share in the future.
Employment: While it still remains early to speculate on employment conditions with the
adoption of Industry 4.0 globally, it is safe to say that workers will need to acquire
different or an all-new set of skills. This may help employment rates go up but it will also
alienate a big sector workers. The sector of workers whose work is perhaps repetitive
will face a challenge in keeping up with the industry. Different forms of education must
be introduced, but it still doesn’t solve the problem for the elder portion of workers. This
is an issue that might take longer to solve and will be further analyzed later in this report.

Privacy: This not only the customer’s concern, but also the producers. In such an
interconnected industry, producers need to collect and analyze data. To the customer,
this might look like a threat to his privacy. This is not only exclusive to consumers. Small
or large companies who haven’t shared their data in the past will have to work their way
to a more transparent environment. Bridging the gap between the consumer and the
producer will be a huge challenge for both parties.
 THE FUTURE WORKFORCE
• Big-Data-Driven Quality Control- Quality control process depends
largely on collecting real-time or historical data regarding the
product. However, since Industry 4.0 will rely on big data for
that, the demand for big data scientists will increase.
Robot-Assisted Production- The entire basis of the new industry
relies of the smart devices being able to interact with the
surrounding environment. Smart devices equipped with cameras,
sensors, and actuators that are able to identify the product and
then deliver the necessary changes for it.
Self-Driving Logistics Vehicles-Engineers use linear programming
methods (such as the Transportation Model) to utilize the use of
transportation. However, with self-driven vehicles, and with the
assistance of big data, so many drivers will be laid off.
Predictive Maintenance: Having smart devices will allow
manufacturers to predict failures. Smart machines will be able to
also independently maintain themselves.
Machines as a Service - The new industry will also allow
manufactures to sell a machine as a service. This means that
instead of selling the entire machine to the client, the machine
will be set-up and maintained by the manufacturer while the client
takes advantage of the services it provides.
 FINAL THOUGHTS
• Industry 4.0 is definitely a revolutionary approach to
manufacturing techniques. The concept will push global
manufacturers to a new level of optimization and
productivity. Not only that, but customers will also enjoy
a new level of personally customized products that may
have never been available before. As mentioned above,
the economic rewards are immense.
• However, there are still many challenges that need to be
tackled systematically to ensure a smooth transition.
This needs to be the focus of large corporations and
governments alike. Pushing research and
experimentation in such fields are essential.
• While speculations regarding privacy, security, and
employment need more study,
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