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CEPHALOSPORINS

Cephalosporins are a class of bactericidal antibiotic drugs that work by binding to bacterial enzymes and inhibiting cell wall formation. The first generation are effective against staphylococcal infections, while second generation also act against gram-negative organisms. Third generation cephalosporins are effective against more gram-negative bacteria but not staphylococci. Fourth generation are bactericidal and have greater penetration of bacterial cell walls. Nurses are responsible for monitoring patients for signs of allergic reactions, nephrotoxicity, and ensuring prescribed doses are taken correctly.

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Shreyas Walvekar
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446 views8 pages

CEPHALOSPORINS

Cephalosporins are a class of bactericidal antibiotic drugs that work by binding to bacterial enzymes and inhibiting cell wall formation. The first generation are effective against staphylococcal infections, while second generation also act against gram-negative organisms. Third generation cephalosporins are effective against more gram-negative bacteria but not staphylococci. Fourth generation are bactericidal and have greater penetration of bacterial cell walls. Nurses are responsible for monitoring patients for signs of allergic reactions, nephrotoxicity, and ensuring prescribed doses are taken correctly.

Uploaded by

Shreyas Walvekar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CEPHALOSPORINS

P R E PA R E D B Y:
M R . S H R E YA S S . WA LV E K A R
MSC NURSING (MEDICAL SURGICAL NURSING)
CEPHALOSPORINS
Bactericidal antibiotics.

That binds with bacterial enzyme and inhibits cell wall formation.
1st Generation Cephalosporin are useful against staphylococcal infections.

2nd Generation Cephalosporin act against staphylococcus gram negative organisms.

3rd Generation Cephalosporin are effective against gram negative organisms, no action against staphylococci.

4th Generation Cephalosporin act as bactericidal. They act at plasma binding proteins by disrupting cell wall
formation and are antimicrobial, have greater penetration in bacterial cell wall.
Contraindications and Cautions
Known allergy to cephalosporins and bea-lacams. Cross-reacions are common.

Hepatic or renal impairment. These drugs are toxic to the kidneys and could interfere with the metabolism and
excretion of the drugs.

Pregnancy and lactation. Potential effects on the fetus and infant are not known; use only if benefits clearly
outweigh the potential risk of toxicity to the fetus or infant.

Reserve cephalosporins for appropriate situations because cephalosporin-resisant bacteria are appearing in
increasing numbers. Perform culture and sensitivity test before start of therapy.
Adverse Effects
GI: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia, abdominal pain, flatulence, pseudomembranous colitis

CNS: headache, dizziness, lethargy, paresthesias

Nephrotoxicity in patients who have predisposing renal insufficiency

Superinfections

Phlebitis and local abscess at the site of IM injection and/or IV administration.


Interactions
Aminoglycosides: increased risk for nephrotoxicity

Oral anticoagulants: increased bleeding

Alcohol: avoided for 72 hours after discontinuation of the drug to prevent disulfiram-like
reaction (e.g. flushing, throbbing headache, nausea and vomiting, chest pain, palpitations,
dyspnea, syncope, vertigo, convulsions, etc.)
NURSES RESPONSIBILITY
 To assess sensitivity to penicillins and cephalosporins.

To assess neprotoxicity

Monitor Intake and Output

 assess any allergic reactions

Do not break, crush or chew extended release tablets.

If the patient is diabetic, monitor BSL level.

Take medicines for prescribed time

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