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GPS PPT 1 of 4

The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS). It explains that GPS determines position using trilateration by calculating ranges to at least four GPS satellites. Each satellite broadcasts radio signals containing time and orbital data. The user's GPS receiver uses this data and the travel time of signals to calculate the distance to each satellite and thereby triangulate the user's precise position, speed, and time. It also describes the system configuration, including 24 operational satellites maintained by the US, and the L1 and L2 carrier frequencies used for civilian and military signals.

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Sushil Bhan
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178 views11 pages

GPS PPT 1 of 4

The document discusses the Global Positioning System (GPS). It explains that GPS determines position using trilateration by calculating ranges to at least four GPS satellites. Each satellite broadcasts radio signals containing time and orbital data. The user's GPS receiver uses this data and the travel time of signals to calculate the distance to each satellite and thereby triangulate the user's precise position, speed, and time. It also describes the system configuration, including 24 operational satellites maintained by the US, and the L1 and L2 carrier frequencies used for civilian and military signals.

Uploaded by

Sushil Bhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 11

GNSS GLOBAL

POSITIONING
SYSTEM
Image credit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System

03/18/2020 Lecture by : Capt. Sushil Bhan


Dedicated to all
Students Staff at
FOSMA Noida

03/18/2020 Lecture by : Capt. Sushil Bhan


Explain: Working principle ?
1. The working principle of GNSS GPS
navigation system is its range based accurate
determination of observer position by the
positioning technique called " Trilateration ".

2. The navigation information broadcast by


each GNSS GPS satellite is processed by the
onboard receiver to give receiver their own
position, own speed and exact UTC time.

3. Therefore the working principle of the


orbiting satellite based GPS can be summed
as a navigation aid through the use of which
an observer can affix their own position, their
speed over ground & the exact UTC time.
Image credit https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_Positioning_System

03/18/2020 Lecture by : Capt. Sushil Bhan


System configuration and frequencies used ?
 
The GPS system consists of three “segments” called :
 
1. the Control Segment, which consists of a global network of ground
facilities that track the GPS satellites, monitor their transmissions, perform
analyses, and send commands and data to the constellation.
----------------------------------
2. the Space Segment, which consists of a constellation of satellites
transmitting radio signals to users. The United States maintaining the
availability of at least 24 operational GPS satellites, 95% of the time. To
ensure this commitment, the Air Force has been flying 31 operational GPS
satellites for the past few years.
----------------------------------
3. the User Segment, the Global Positioning System (GPS) has changed
the way the world operates. This is especially true for marine operations,
including search and rescue. GPS provides the fastest and most accurate
method for mariners to navigate, measure speed, and determine location.
This enables increased levels of safety and efficiency for mariners
worldwide.
03/18/2020 Lecture by : Capt. Sushil Bhan
System configuration and frequencies used ? 

03/18/2020 Lecture by : Capt. Sushil Bhan


System configuration and
frequencies used ?
It is important in marine navigation for the
ship's officer to know the vessel's position
while in open sea and also in congested
harbors and waterways.

While at sea, accurate position, speed, and


heading are needed to ensure the vessel
reaches its destination in the safest, most
economical and timely fashion that conditions
will permit.

The need for accurate position information


becomes even more critical as the vessel
departs from or arrives in port. Vessel traffic
and other waterway hazards make
maneuvering more difficult, and the risk of
accidents becomes greater.
03/18/2020 Lecture by : Capt. Sushil Bhan
System configuration and frequencies used ?

GPS satellites broadcast beams in two carrier frequencies; L1 (1,575.42 MHz) and


L2 (1,227.60 MHz). Beams that can be accessible to the general public are encoded
in C/A (Coarse/Acquisition) code, and the beams that can be used only by the US
military force are encoded in P (Precise) code
03/18/2020 Lecturer : Capt Sushil Bhan
( www.furuno.com )
How is Position determined ?
 
To determine our position on earth we must determine our ranges from at least
four GPS satellites.
---------------------------------
To determine our ranges, we use the formula, Distance = Speed x Time, where in
this case we must use ( Speed of Light ) x exact time taken by GPS signal to
reach the receiver antenna ( FYI radio signals travel at speed of light which is
299,792,458 meters per second )
---------------------------------
To determine our ranges, we need our receiver to count the exact time taken by
signal from GPS satellite to our Receiver.
----------------------------------
But while GPS time is accurate because of its atomic clock, our onboard
receiver clock is a quartz clock and therefore too inaccurate to be used as such
for factual range calculation.
---------------------------------
To over the receiver clock limitation each GPS satellite broadcasts signals
consisting of carrier waves that undergo phase changes occuring in a defined
pattern at very precise rates, but what does that even mean ?
03/18/2020 Lecture by : Capt. Sushil Bhan
How is Position determined ?
 Each GPS satellite sends the following time stamped signal data
required by our receiver to effect the position determination process :

Specification of SPS Ranging ( SPS is Standard Position Service )


---
Signal Characteristics
---
Satellite time of transmission
---
Satellite position
---
Satellite health
---
Satellite clock correction
---
Propagation delay effects
---
Time transfer to UTC
---
Constellation
03/18/2020 status Frame Lecture by : Capt. Sushil Bhan
How is Position determined ?
 
GPS satellite broadcast signal include not only its own position data but with
each refresh of signal the onboard receiver is informed of data of the entire
GNSS satellite constellation. This signal is called PRN or ( Pseudo Random Noise )
-----------------------------
Armed with this information the receiver generates a copy of phase-change
pattern and moves it back and forth in time, attempting to correlate it with
signals it receives. Looking for perfect match !
-----------------------------
Notice that our receiver has a
MODULO 2 ADDER processor where
C/A CODE PRN (Pseudo Range Noise )
signal as received and the NAV DATA
as received are correlated in order
for our onboard receiver to solve
the " signal time taken " question .

03/18/2020 Lecture by : Capt. Sushil Bhan


How is Position determined ?
 

Once incoming and replica signal


phase match is achieved the
receiver clock bias is reset to match
GPS time and now an accurate
time difference or range from
satellite is calculated
03/18/2020 Lecture by : Capt. Sushil Bhan

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