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Solenoids and Relays

Solenoids are electromagnets that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy by using a magnetic field to create linear motion. A solenoid consists of a coil of wire wrapped around a piston that creates a magnetic field when electric current passes through the wire. This field is used to move the piston linearly. There are different types of solenoids including electromechanical solenoids, pneumatic solenoids, and hydraulic solenoids that control the flow of air, gas, fluids like oil respectively using the linear motion of the piston.

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199 views15 pages

Solenoids and Relays

Solenoids are electromagnets that convert electrical energy into mechanical energy by using a magnetic field to create linear motion. A solenoid consists of a coil of wire wrapped around a piston that creates a magnetic field when electric current passes through the wire. This field is used to move the piston linearly. There are different types of solenoids including electromechanical solenoids, pneumatic solenoids, and hydraulic solenoids that control the flow of air, gas, fluids like oil respectively using the linear motion of the piston.

Uploaded by

Jayloyd Lara
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Solenoids

What is a solenoid?

 Solenoid is the generic term for a coil of wire used as an electromagnet. It


also refers to any device that converts electrical energy to mechanical energy
using a solenoid. The device creates a magnetic field from electric current
and uses the magnetic field to create linear motion. 
How a Solenoid Works

 A solenoid is a coil of wire in a corkscrew shape wrapped around a piston,


often made of iron. As in all electromagnets, a magnetic field is created when
an electric current passes through the wire. Electromagnets have an
advantage over permanent magnets in that they can be switched on and off
by the application or removal of the electric current, which is what makes
them useful as switches and valves and allows them to be entirely automated.
Types

 Because solenoids are used in so many different applications, there are many
different types of them. Some of the more commonly used solenoids include:
Electromechanical solenoids

 consist of an electromagnetically inductive coil, wound around a movable


steel or iron slug (termed the armature). The coil is shaped such that the
armature can be moved in and out of the space in the center of the coil,
altering the coil's inductance and thereby becoming an electromagnet. The
movement of the armature is used to provide a mechanical force to some
mechanism, such as controlling a pneumatic valve. Although typically weak
over anything but very short distances, solenoids may be controlled directly
by a controller circuit, and thus have very quick reaction times.
Pneumatic solenoids

 Pneumatic solenoids are used as a switch in most pneumatic devices. As it


opens and closes, air or gas is passed along to its appropriate point. It is also
used as the interface that bridges the gap between the pneumatic system and
the electronic controllers that manage them.
Hydraulic solenoids

 Similar in function to pneumatic solenoids, the primary difference is that


hydraulic solenoids control the flow of fluids, usually oil. This type of solenoid
is commonly used to control the amount of oil used in automated metal-
fabrication equipment. They are also used to control the flow of transmission
fluid in automatic transmissions.
Relays
What are relays?

 A relay is an electrically operated switch. It consists of a set of input


terminals for a single or multiple control signals, and a set of operating
contact terminals. The switch may have any number of contacts in multiple
contact forms, such as make contacts, break contacts, or combinations
thereof.

 Relays are used where it is necessary to control a circuit by an independent


low-power signal, or where several circuits must be controlled by one signal.
How does a relay work?

 A relay is an electromagnetic switch operated by a relatively small electric


current that can turn on or off a much larger electric current. The heart of a
relay is an electromagnet (a coil of wire that becomes a temporary magnet
when electricity flows through it). You can think of a relay as a kind of
electric lever: switch it on with a tiny current and it switches on ("leverages")
another appliance using a much bigger current. Why is that useful? As the
name suggests, many sensors are incredibly sensitive pieces of electronic
equipment and produce only small electric currents. But often we need them
to drive bigger pieces of apparatus that use bigger currents. Relays bridge the
gap, making it possible for small currents to activate larger ones. That means
relays can work either as switches (turning things on and off) or as amplifiers
(converting small currents into larger ones).
Types of Relay
 Relays are used wherever it is necessary to control a high power or high
voltage circuit with a low power circuit. The first application of relays was in
long telegraph lines, where the weak signal received at an intermediate
station could control a contact, regenerating the signal for further
transmission. High-voltage or high-current devices can be controlled with
small, low voltage wiring and pilots switches. Operators can be isolated from
the high voltage circuit. Low power devices such as microprocessors can drive
relays to control electrical loads beyond their direct drive capability. In an
automobile, a starter relay allows the high current of the cranking motor to
be controlled with small wiring and contacts in the ignition key.

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