Scribd
Upload
397 views21 pages

Electrical Materials

The document discusses three types of electrical materials: conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. Conductors allow electricity to flow through them and are typically metals. Semiconductors can conduct electricity under some conditions and have properties between conductors and insulators. Insulators do not allow electricity to pass through them. Examples of each type and their properties like conductivity and resistivity are provided.

Uploaded by

James Selibio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
397 views21 pages

Electrical Materials

The document discusses three types of electrical materials: conductors, semiconductors, and insulators. Conductors allow electricity to flow through them and are typically metals. Semiconductors can conduct electricity under some conditions and have properties between conductors and insulators. Insulators do not allow electricity to pass through them. Examples of each type and their properties like conductivity and resistivity are provided.

Uploaded by

James Selibio
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
You are on page 1/ 21

ELECTRIC

MATERIA
AL
SELIBIO

LS
Electrical materials

conductors
Semi-conductors
insulators
conductors
are the materials or substances
which allow electricity to flow
through them
conductors

metal
Conductivity is achieved through
sufficient low energy electrons
detached from the atoms
conductors

salt
made of sodium ions and chlorine
ions
conductors

gold silver copper


Semi-
conductors
is a substance that can conduct
electricity under some
conditions making it a good
medium for the control of
electrical current
Semi-
conductors
a solid substance that has a
conductivity between that of an
insulator and that of most metals,
either due to the addition of an
impurity or because of
temperature effects.
Semi-
conductors

Elemental semiconductors include antimony,


arsenic, boron, carbon, germanium, selenium,
silicon, sulfur, and tellurium
Semi-conductors

silicon germanium
insulators
are the materials or substances
through which electricity cannot
pass
insulators

Conductive objects are


often mounted upon
insulating objects.
insulators

This arrangement of a
conductor on top of an
insulator prevents charge
from being transferred from
the conductive object to its
surroundings
insulators

rubber glass wood


Thank you!
Va l e n c e b a n d s o f e l e c t r i c a l m a t e r i a l s

Conduction band

Conduction band
e- e- e- Band gap
Conduction band
e- e- e- e- e-
energy

energy

energy
Band gap

Va l e n c e b a n d Va l e n c e b a n d Va l e n c e b a n d
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

conductors Semi-conductors insulators


Va l e n c e b a n d s o f e l e c t r i c a l m a t e r i a l s

Conduction band

Conduction band
e- e- e- Band gap
Conduction band
e- e- e- e- e-
energy

energy

energy
Band gap

Va l e n c e b a n d Va l e n c e b a n d Va l e n c e b a n d
e- e- e- e- e- e- e- e- 0 0 e- e- e- e- e- e- e-

conductors Semi-conductors insulators


silver
copper
Conductors

aluminum
Increasing conducting

i ro n
m e rc u r y
carbon
water
Semi-conductors
b i l i t y

g e rm a n i u m
a

silicon
Insulators Dry air
wood
glass
rubber
Comparison Chart

Conductor Semiconductor Insulator


Forbidden energy Not exist Small (1 eV) Large (>5 eV)
gap

Conductivity High (10-7 mho/m) Medium (10-7 to 10-13  Very Low (10-3 


mho/m) mho/m)
Almost negligible.

Resistivity Low Moderate High


Flow of current Due to movement Due to movement of Almost negligible but
of free electrons. electrons and holes. only due to free
electrons.

Temperature Positive Negative Negative


coefficient of
resistance
Comparison Chart

Conductor Semiconductor Insulator


Charge carriers in Completely filled Partially filled Completely vacant
conduction band

Charge carriers in Almost vacant Partially filled Completely filled


valence band

Example Copper, Silicon, Germanium, Paper, rubber, glass,


Aluminium, arsenic etc. plastic etc.
graphite etc.

Applications Conducting wires, Diodes, transistors, Sports equipment,


Transformers, in optocouplers etc. home appliances etc.
electrical cords
etc.
totoo na ‘to
Thank you!

You might also like

pFad - Phonifier reborn

Pfad - The Proxy pFad of © 2024 Garber Painting. All rights reserved.

Note: This service is not intended for secure transactions such as banking, social media, email, or purchasing. Use at your own risk. We assume no liability whatsoever for broken pages.


Alternative Proxies:

Alternative Proxy

pFad Proxy

pFad v3 Proxy

pFad v4 Proxy