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S2 Q4: Organic Chemistry Organic Compounds and Hydrocarbons

The document discusses organic chemistry and organic compounds. It explains that organic compounds are made up of carbon and may contain other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. The document discusses how organic compounds form homologous series with similar chemical properties based on their carbon skeleton and functional groups. It provides examples of homologous series for hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and esters. The document emphasizes how the presence of different functional groups and variations in carbon chain length influence the properties of organic compounds.

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Menaga A/P Ilangkovan
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44 views14 pages

S2 Q4: Organic Chemistry Organic Compounds and Hydrocarbons

The document discusses organic chemistry and organic compounds. It explains that organic compounds are made up of carbon and may contain other elements like hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. The document discusses how organic compounds form homologous series with similar chemical properties based on their carbon skeleton and functional groups. It provides examples of homologous series for hydrocarbons, alcohols, carboxylic acids, and esters. The document emphasizes how the presence of different functional groups and variations in carbon chain length influence the properties of organic compounds.

Uploaded by

Menaga A/P Ilangkovan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PPTX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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M4 CHEMISTRY

S2 Q4 : Organic Chemistry
Organic compounds and Hydrocarbons
Global Context: Key Related Concept:
Concept:
Personal and System Patterns and Models
Cultural
Expression

Statement of Inquiry
Statement of Enquiry:
Scientist discern the
Scientific anddiversity of carbon advances
technological skeleton withcan
the enable
presence functional
of  small characteristic
groups of atoms in different number and arrangement to form compounds with rules which
energy transformation within, and between, systems.
help to explain how it provide definitive advantage in terms of people’s way of life

..
Organic compounds and Hydrocarbons
K: Know the characteristics of homologous series in terms of having
the same general formula, can be made by similar methods, steady
changes in physical properties, and similar chemical properties.

U: How functional groups present in different members of


homologous series contributes to their general properties

D: Videos of the chemical reaction of different members of


homologous series and students identify the homologous series of
organic compounds given to them using Padlet.
Introduction to Organic chemistry

The study of organic compounds which focuses


on any compounds with carbon.
LET’S RECAP THE PROPERTIES OF
CARBON

Statement of Inquiry
Scientist discern the diversity of carbon skeleton with the presence of  small characteristic
groups of atoms in different number and arrangement to form compounds with rules which
help to explain how it provide definitive advantage in terms of people’s way of life
Carbon compounds
Watch the video of demonstration on the formation of carbon compounds and
answer the questions.

https://quizlet.com/join/7PckWkuSf
What are Organic compounds?
• Any of a large class of chemical compounds in which one
or more atoms of carbon are covalently linked to atoms of
other elements, most commonly hydrogen, oxygen, or
nitrogen.
• The few carbon-containing compounds not classified
as organic include carbides, carbonates, and cyanides.

Statement of Inquiry
Scientist discern the diversity of carbon skeleton with the presence of  small characteristic
groups of atoms in different number and arrangement to form compounds with rules which
help to explain how it provide definitive advantage in terms of people’s way of life
Uses of Organic
compounds
Activity 1
• Pick any organic compound and state their
function in daily life. Type your answers in the
chat message.

Statement of Inquiry
Scientist discern the diversity of carbon skeleton with the presence of  small characteristic
groups of atoms in different number and arrangement to form compounds with rules which
help to explain how it provide definitive advantage in terms of people’s way of life
Homologous series (Family)

 Is a group of organic compounds having similar


chemical properties, functional group and the
structure only differ by the number of CH2 units in
the main carbon chain.
 There is a gradual change in physical properties of
one member to the next.

Statement of Inquiry
Scientist discern the diversity of carbon skeleton with the presence of  small characteristic
groups of atoms in different number and arrangement to form compounds with rules which
help to explain how it provide definitive advantage in terms of people’s way of life
Same general
formula
Members prepared
through one
common method

Characteristics of
Homologous
series

Same chemical
properties
by –CH 2
differ from other
Every member

Statement of Inquiry
Scientist discern the diversity of carbon skeleton with the presence of  small characteristic
groups of atoms in different number and arrangement to form compounds with rules which
help to explain how it provide definitive advantage in terms of people’s way of life
Functional Group
 Members of same homologous series possess same
functional group.
 Functional group as an atom or group of atoms
within a molecule that has similar chemical
properties whenever it appears in various compounds.
 Contribute to molecular diversity of life.

Statement of Inquiry
Scientist discern the diversity of carbon skeleton with the presence of  small characteristic
groups of atoms in different number and arrangement to form compounds with rules which
help to explain how it provide definitive advantage in terms of people’s way of life
Homologous series in organic chemistry
Carbon General formula Functional group
compounds
Alkane CnH2n+2 -C-C-

Hydrocarbon
Alkene CnH2n -C=C-
Alkyne CnH2n-2
Alcohol CnH2n+1OH Hydroxyl group –
OH
Carboxylic CnH2n+1COOH Carboxyl group
Acids -COOH
Esters CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1 Carboxylate
group –COO-
Hydrocarbon
Organic molecules consist of carbon and
hydrogen only.

Alkane Alkene Alkyne

Saturated hydrocarbon Saturated hydrocarbon

Statement of Inquiry
Scientist discern the diversity of carbon skeleton with the presence of  small characteristic
groups of atoms in different number and arrangement to form compounds with rules which
help to explain how it provide definitive advantage in terms of people’s way of life
Hydrocarbon
• Are major components of fossil fuels produced
from the organic remains of organisms living
millions of years ago.
• Have a diversity of carbon skeletons which
produce molecules of various lengths and
shapes.

Statement of Inquiry
Scientist discern the diversity of carbon skeleton with the presence of  small characteristic
groups of atoms in different number and arrangement to form compounds with rules which
help to explain how it provide definitive advantage in terms of people’s way of life
Exit Task
• https://padlet.com/menagaip/pf0axa27jtrw

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